ban

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ban"

Translingual[edit]

Symbol[edit]

ban

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Balinese.

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English bannen (“to summon; to banish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”), from Proto-West Germanic *bannan; and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”).

Cognate with Dutch bannen (“to ban, exile, discard”), German bannen (“to exile, to exorcise, captivate, excommunicate”), Swedish banna (“to ban, scold”), Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati), Armenian բան (ban) and perhaps Albanian banoj (“to reside, dwell”). See also banal, abandon.

Verb[edit]

ban (third-person singular simple present bans, present participle banning, simple past and past participle banned)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To summon; to call out.
  2. (transitive) To anathematize; to pronounce an ecclesiastical curse upon; to place under a ban.
  3. (transitive) To curse; to execrate.
    • c. 1555, Hugh Latimer, a sermon
      They will curse and ban […] even into the deep pit of hell, all that gainsay their appetite.
  4. (transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation.
    • 1816, Lord Byron, The Prisoner of Chillon:
      To whom the goodly earth and air Are banned
    • 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:
      Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.
    • 2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
      No sooner has a [synthetic] drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one. These “legal highs” are sold for the few months it takes the authorities to identify and ban them, and then the cycle begins again.
    Bare feet are banned in this establishment.
  5. (transitive, intransitive) To curse; to utter curses or maledictions.
Synonyms[edit]
The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban (plural bans)

  1. Prohibition.
  2. A public proclamation or edict; a summons by public proclamation. Chiefly, in early use, a summons to arms.
    Bans is common and ordinary amongst the Feudists, and signifies a proclamation, or any public notice.
  3. The gathering of the (French) king's vassals for war; the whole body of vassals so assembled, or liable to be summoned; originally, the same as arrière-ban: in the 16th c., French usage created a distinction between ban and arrière-ban, for which see the latter word.
    He has sent abroad to assemble his ban and arriere ban.
    The Ban and the Arrierban are met armed in the field to choose a king.
    France was at such a Pinch..that they call'd their Ban and Arriere Ban, the assembling whereof had been long discussed, and in a manner antiquated.
    The ban was sometimes convoked, that is, the possessors of the fiefs were called upon for military services.
    The act of calling together the vassals in armed array, was entitled ‘convoking the ban.
  4. (obsolete) A curse or anathema.
  5. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban, such as a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Romanian ban of uncertain origin, perhaps from Serbo-Croatian bân.

Noun[edit]

ban (plural bani)

  1. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Romanian leu.
  2. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Moldovan leu.
Translations[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Banburismus; coined by Alan Turing.

Noun[edit]

ban (plural bans)

  1. A unit measuring information or entropy based on base-ten logarithms, rather than the base-two logarithms that define the bit.
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

From South Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Noun[edit]

ban (plural bans)

  1. A title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Bambara[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ban

  1. to finish

References[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban m (plural bans)

  1. ban (a public proclamation or edict)
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban m (plural bans)

  1. ban (a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)
Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Chibcha[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. shame, sorrow, outrage

References[edit]

  • Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
  • Quesada Pacheco, Miguel Ángel. 1991. El vocabulario mosco de 1612. En estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. Programa de investigación del departamento de lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Serie Anual Tomo X San José (Costa Rica). Universidad de Costa Rica.
  • Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico Gramática de Lugo. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.

Chinese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English ban.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ban

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet) to ban
  2. (Hong Kong Cantonese, of ideas or proposals) to reject
    ban橋／ban桥 [Cantonese]  ―  ben1 kiu4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to reject an idea

Synonyms[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Dutch ban. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban m (plural bannen)

  1. excommunication, denunciation, shunning
  2. anathema which is cast upon one who is excommunicated
  3. magic spell
  4. (historical) legal or feudal domain
  5. (historical) public declaration
  6. (archaic) exile
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from English ban.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban m (plural bans)

  1. a revocation of permission to access or participate
    Synonym: toegangsverbod
    De forumgebruiker die zich heeft misdragen heeft een ban gekregen.
    The forum user that misbehaved has been given a ban.
Usage notes[edit]

Mostly common within internet communities.

Etymology 3[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ban

  1. inflection of bannen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

Etymology 4[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ban

  1. inflection of bannen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old French ban, from Frankish *ban.

Noun[edit]

ban m (plural bans)

  1. (dated) public declaration
  2. (dated) announcement of a marriage; banns
  3. (East of France, Belgium) territory
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian bȃn. See English ban.

Noun[edit]

ban m (plural bans)

  1. ban (nobleman)

Further reading[edit]

Haitian Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ban

  1. give

Synonyms[edit]

Hokkien[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of ban – see 屘 (“the youngest”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 屘).

Iberian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

ban

  1. A particle interpreted as the numeral 'one' by Eduardo Orduña and Joan Ferrer, and compared to Basque bat (“one”).

Further reading[edit]

  • Eduardo Orduña [Aznar], Los numerales ibéricos y el protovasco
  • Joan Ferrer i Jané, El sistema de numerales ibérico: avances en su conocimiento

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈban]
  • Hyphenation: ban

Noun[edit]

ban (first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)

  1. tyre, tire.
    Synonym: tayar (Standard Malay)
  2. tape
    Synonym: pita
  3. belt
    Synonyms: ikat pinggang, sabuk
  4. (physics) band, a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
    Synonym: pita
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Dutch baan, from Middle Dutch bāne, from Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-Germanic *banō.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈban]
  • Hyphenation: ban

Noun[edit]

ban (first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)

  1. a road, way, path
    Synonyms: jalan, jalur
  2. a track, lane
    Synonym: lintasan
  3. (sports, ball games) court, field (place for playing sports or games, in particular non-team ball games)

Etymology 3[edit]

From English ban.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈbɛn]
  • Hyphenation: ban

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. (Internet slang) a ban
    Synonym: blok

Verb[edit]

ban

  1. (Internet slang) to ban
    Synonym: blokir

Further reading[edit]

Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban f pl

  1. genitive plural of bean

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
ban bhan mban
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

ban

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ばん
  2. Rōmaji transcription of バン

Kashubian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from German Bahn.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈban/
  • Syllabification: ban

Noun[edit]

ban m inan

  1. train
    Synonym: cuch

Declension[edit]

Declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban banë
genitive banu banów
dative banowi banóm
accusative ban banë
instrumental banã banama
locative banie banach
vocative banie banë

Derived terms[edit]

noun

Further reading[edit]

  • “ban”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Maguindanao[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. sneeze

Mandarin[edit]

Romanization[edit]

ban

  1. Nonstandard spelling of bān.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of bǎn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of bàn.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mapudungun[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban (Raguileo spelling)

  1. death

Verb[edit]

ban (Raguileo spelling)

  1. To die.
  2. first-person singular realis form of ban; I died; I have died.

Conjugation[edit]

Positive conjugation of ban (see also Appendix:Mapudungun verbs)
Infinitive1 baael
Root ba-
Tense particles
(See particles) 		-a- (future tense)
-pe- (past tense)
-fu- (distant past tense)
person singular dual plural
first second third first second third first second third
Realis mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present ban baymi bay bayu baymu baygu bayiñ baymvn baygvn
past bapen bapeymi bape bapeyu bapeymu bapeygu bapeyiñ bapeymvn bapeygvn
distant past bafun bafuymi bafu bafuyu bafuymu bafuygu bafuyiñ bafuymvn bafuygvn
future baan baaymi baay baayu baaymu baaygu baayiñ baaymvn baaygvn
Conditional mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present bali balimi bale baliyu balimu bale egu baliyiñ balimvn bale egvn
Volitive mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present baci bage bape bayu bamu bape egu bayiñ bamvn bape egvn
Negative conjugation of ban
Infinitive1 banoael
Tense particles
(See particles) 		-a- (future tense)
-pe- (past tense)
-fu- (distant past tense)
person singular dual plural
first second third first second third first second third
Realis mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present balan balaymi balay balayu balaymu balaygu balayiñ balaymvn balaygvn
past balapen balapeymi balapey balapeyu balapeymu balapeygu balapeyiñ balapeymvn balapeygvn
distant past balafun balafuymi balafuy balafuyu balafuymu balafuygu balafuyiñ balafuymvn balafuygvn
future balayan balayaymi balayay balayayu balayaymu balayaygu balayayiñ balayaymvn balayaygvn
Conditional mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present banoli banolimi banole banoliyu banolimu banole egu banoliyiñ banolimvn banole egvn
Volitive mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present bakilci bakilge bakilpe bakilyu bakilmu bakilpe egu bakilyiñ bakilmvn bakilpe egvn
1Only usable with free personal pronouns.

References[edit]

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Maranao[edit]

Verb[edit]

ban

  1. to sneeze

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old English bana.

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. Alternative form of bane

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old English bān.

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. Alternative form of bon

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Related to Persian بام (bâm).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban ?

  1. roof

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Verb[edit]

ban

  1. imperative of bane (Etymology 3)

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Noun[edit]

ban n

  1. (dialectal) alternative form of barn (“child”)

O'odham[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Southeastern Tepehuan bhan, Northern Tepehuan bánai.

Noun[edit]

ban (plural ba꞉ban)

  1. coyote

Old English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, Proto-Germanic *bainą.

Cognate with Old Frisian bēn (West Frisian bien), Old Saxon bēn (Low German been, bein), Dutch been (“bone, leg”), Old High German bein (German Bein (“leg”)), Old Norse bein (Icelandic bein (“bone”)).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bān n (nominative plural bān)

  1. bone
  2. ivory

Declension[edit]

Declension of ban (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative bān bān
accusative bān bān
genitive bānes bāna
dative bāne bānum

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Middle English: bon, ban, bane, bone, boon
    • English: bone
    • Geordie English: byen
    • Scots: bane, bean, bain
    • Yola: bane

Old Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. genitive dual/plural of ben

Verb[edit]

ban

  1. first-person plural imperative of is

Alternative forms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
ban ban
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ 		mban
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Phalura[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ban (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بن)

  1. closed
  2. blocked, stopped

Alternative forms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Romanian ban.

Noun[edit]

ban m animal

  1. ban (subdivision of currency)

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from English ban, from Middle English bannen (“to summon; to bannish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”) and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”).

Noun[edit]

ban m animal

  1. (Internet) ban
Declension[edit]
Declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban bany
genitive bana banów
dative banowi banom
accusative bana bany
instrumental banem banami
locative banie banach
vocative banie bany
Derived terms[edit]
verbs

Etymology 3[edit]

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian ban, from Late Proto-Slavic *banъ, from Turkic.

Noun[edit]

ban m pers

  1. ban (title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban banowie
genitive bana banów
dative banowi banom
accusative bana banów
instrumental banem banami
locative banie banach
vocative banie banowie

Further reading[edit]

  • ban in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ban in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Unknown. Perhaps from Medieval Latin *bannus (“communication”), perhaps through a German intermediate.[1] Other theories derive the word from Proto-Slavic *banъ (“master, lord”) (via Serbo-Croatian or Hungarian). Ultimate Mongolian origin (баян (bajan, “rich lord; plutocrat”)) has also been proposed.[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban m (plural bani)

  1. money; coin
  2. ban (unit of currency, one hundredth of a leu)

Usage notes[edit]

Usually used in the plural form, bani

Declension[edit]

Declension of ban
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ban banul (niște) bani banii
genitive/dative (unui) ban banului (unor) bani banilor
vocative banule banilor

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ http://webdex.ro/etimologic/ban
  2. ^ Romanian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Late Proto-Slavic *banъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bȃn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̑н)

  1. ban (title)

Declension[edit]

Declension of ban
singular plural
nominative bȃn bánovi/bȃni
genitive bana bánōvā/bȃnā
dative banu banovima/banima
accusative bana banove/bane
vocative bane banovi/bani
locative banu banovima/banima
instrumental banom banovima/banima

Tagalog[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Hokkien 盤／盘 (pôaⁿ, “tray, plate, dish”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜈ᜔)

  1. (rare) wheel
    Synonyms: gulong, ruweda

Tarifit[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic بان (bān).

Pronunciation[edit]

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb[edit]

ban (Tifinagh spelling ⴱⴰⵏ)

  1. (intransitive) to appear, to emerge

Conjugation[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Related terms[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 班.

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. (historical) branch of administration in the feudal court (of which there are two types: the civil administrators and the martial office holders)
  2. group (of people doing the same work); band; board; squad; committee
  3. shift; work period
  4. (only in compounds) time period; section of the day
    Synonym: buổi
    ban trưa ― noon
  5. (dated) (college-level) subject; (academic) department

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

(classifier cây, hoa) ban

  1. orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata)

Etymology 3[edit]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斑.

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. (medicine) rash

Etymology 4[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. (Central Vietnam) ball

Etymology 5[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. (colloquial) Alternative form of pan

Etymology 6[edit]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 頒.

Verb[edit]

ban

  1. (archaic) to confer on; to bestow
  2. (archaic) to announce; to herald; to proclaim

Volapük[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French bain.

Noun[edit]

ban (nominative plural bans)

  1. bath

Declension[edit]

declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban bans
genitive bana banas
dative bane banes
accusative bani banis
vocative 1 o ban! o bans!
predicative 2 banu banus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms[edit]

Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Welsh bann, from Proto-Brythonic *bann, from Proto-Celtic *bandā.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban m (plural bannau or bannoedd)

  1. peak

Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
ban fan man unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ban”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yagara[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ban

  1. dirty
  2. nasty
  3. very angry

References[edit]

Zazaki[edit]

Noun[edit]

ban

  1. dome, cupola
  2. room

Zou[edit]

Ban.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bàn

  1. arm

References[edit]

  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41
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