extern

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English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɛk.ˌstɜː(ɹ)n/

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle French externe or its etymon Latin externus.

Noun[edit]

extern (plural externs)

  1. A person affiliated with an institution in a lesser capacity, for example, as a non-resident or as a part-time affiliate.
    1. A day-scholar.
  2. Outward form or part; exterior.

Adjective[edit]

extern

  1. (obsolete, rare) External; outward; not inherent
    • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
      Heaven is my judge, not I for love and duty, / But seeming so, for my particular end, / For when my outward action doth demonstrate / The native act and figure of my heart / In complement extern, 'tis not long after / But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve / For daws to peck at.
    • 1663, Edward Waterhous [i.e., Edward Waterhouse], chapter XIV, in Fortescutus Illustratus; or A Commentary on that Nervous Treatise De Laudibus Legum Angliæ, Written by Sir John Fortescue Knight, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Roycroft for Thomas Dicas […], →OCLC, page 214:
      For if the ſoul of man vvere emancipated by virtue, it vvould not need any regulation or monition, beſides that of its invvard Tribunal; vvhich becauſe ſin does uſurp upon, has ſome relief from thoſe extern adjuments.

References[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Short for external; used as a keyword in these programming languages.

Noun[edit]

extern (plural externs)

  1. (programming) In the C and C++ programming languages, a variable that can be separately declared in many places, all of them referring to the same variable.
    • 1995, Martin L. Rinehart, Learn C++ Today!, page 552:
      Finally, get rid of the two function declarations and two externs that we added at the top of TEFIL.CPP so that we could support file_open().
    • 2018, Brian Beuken, The Fundamentals of C/C++ Game Programming:
      This is probably the big thing with C++, the more you can avoid global concepts and nasty externs the better, an object/class should be totally self-contained.

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin externus.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

extern (feminine externa, masculine plural externs, feminine plural externes)

  1. external
    Antonym: intern
  2. inessential
    Synonym: inessencial
    Antonyms: intern, essencial
  3. (education) off-campus (pertaining to a student who is at a school only during classes)
    Antonym: intern
  4. (geology) Pertaining to foreland, the zone where material eroded from a mountain chain is deposited

Hyponyms[edit]

  • (external): aliè (“external to a social group”)

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

extern m (plural externs, feminine externa)

  1. (education) off-campus student
    Antonym: intern

Further reading[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French externe, from Latin externus.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɛksˈtɛrn/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: ex‧tern
  • Rhymes: -ɛrn

Adjective[edit]

extern (not comparable)

  1. external
    Synonym: uitwendig
  2. exterior

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of extern
uninflected extern
inflected externe
comparative —
positive
predicative/adverbial extern
indefinite m./f. sing. externe
n. sing. extern
plural externe
definite externe
partitive externs

German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

extern (strong nominative masculine singular externer, not comparable)

  1. external

Declension[edit]

Positive forms of extern (uncomparable)
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist extern sie ist extern es ist extern sie sind extern
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative externer externe externes externe
genitive externen externer externen externer
dative externem externer externem externen
accusative externen externe externes externe
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der externe die externe das externe die externen
genitive des externen der externen des externen der externen
dative dem externen der externen dem externen den externen
accusative den externen die externe das externe die externen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein externer eine externe ein externes (keine) externen
genitive eines externen einer externen eines externen (keiner) externen
dative einem externen einer externen einem externen (keinen) externen
accusative einen externen eine externe ein externes (keine) externen

Further reading[edit]

  • “extern” in Duden online
  • “extern” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French externe, from Latin externus.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

extern m or n (feminine singular externă, masculine plural externi, feminine and neuter plural externe)

  1. external
    Antonym: intern

Declension[edit]

Declension of extern
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite extern externă externi externe
definite externul externa externii externele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite extern externe externi externe
definite externului externei externelor externilor

Further reading[edit]

Swedish[edit]

Adjective[edit]

extern

  1. external

Declension[edit]

Inflection of extern
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular extern mer extern mest extern
Neuter singular externt mer externt mest externt
Plural externa mer externa mest externa
Masculine plural3 externe mer externa mest externa
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 externe mer externe mest externe
All externa mer externa mest externa
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic
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