local

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See also: lo-cal

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English local, from Late Latin locālis (“belonging to a place”), possibly also via Old French local; ultimately from Latin locus (“a place”).

The ring-theoretic senses derive from Krull, who first referred to Noetherian commutative rings with a unique maximal ideal as "Stellenring" (Stellen (“place”) +‎ ring) in 1938.[1] The term was inspired by algebraic geometry, where local rings encode information about the behavior of curves (surfaces, etc.) at points; hence, describe "local" behavior.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

local (comparative more local, superlative most local)

  1. From or in a nearby location.
    Holonyms: statal, national, federal, unional, supranational, global
    We prefer local produce.
    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
      Not unnaturally, “Auntie” took this communication in bad part. […] Next day she […] tried to recover her ward by the hair of the head. Then, thwarted, the wretched creature went to the police for help; she was versed in the law, and had perhaps spared no pains to keep on good terms with the local constabulary.
    • 2012 December 1, “An internet of airborne things”, in The Economist, volume 405, number 8813, page 3 (Technology Quarterly):
      A farmer could place an order for a new tractor part by text message and pay for it by mobile money-transfer. A supplier many miles away would then take the part to the local matternet station for airborne dispatch via drone.
  2. (computing, of a resource) Connected directly to a particular computer, processor, etc.; able to be accessed offline.
    Antonym: remote
    local disk drive
    local file
    The panel shows both local and remote sites.
  3. (computing, of a variable or identifier) Having limited scope (either lexical or dynamic); only accessible within a certain portion of a program.
    Antonym: global
  4. (mathematics, not comparable, of a condition or property) Applying to or satisfied by substructures understood as "near points;" in particular:
    1. (topology) Satisfied by at least one open neighborhood of every point.
      A Hausdorff space satisfying local compactness need not be (globally) compact!
    2. (topology) Satisfied by arbitrarily small open neighborhoods of every point.
    3. (group theory, of a property of an infinite group) Satisfied by every finitely generated subgroup.
  5. (mathematics, not comparable, of a condition or property) Detectable from the behavior of substructures understood to be "near points;" in particular:
    1. (algebra, algebraic geometry, of a property of a ring (or an -module )) Such that the following conditions are equivalent: (1) holds for (); (2) holds for the localization () for all prime ideals of ; (3) holds for the localization () for all maximal ideals of .
      Flatness is a local property.
    2. (group theory, of a property of a finite group) Detectable from the behavior of the normalizers of the nontrivial p-subgroups.
  7. (algebra, of a ring) Having a unique maximal (left) ideal.
  8. (medicine) Of or pertaining to a restricted part of an organism.
    Synonym: topical
    local lesion
    The patient didn't want to be sedated, so we applied only local anesthesia.
  9. Descended from an indigenous population.
    Hawaiian Pidgin is spoken by the local population.

Translations[edit]

Noun[edit]

local (plural locals)

  1. A person who lives near a given place.
    It's easy to tell the locals from the tourists.
    • 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 66:
      Taunton station is busy - even more so when the inbound working of my Bristol train arrives, laden with the usual mix of 'staycationers' and locals.
  2. A branch of a nationwide organization such as a trade union.
    I'm in the TWU, too. Local 6.
  3. (rail transport) Clipping of local train.
    The expresses skipped my station, so I had to take a local.
    Synonym: stopper
    Antonyms: fast, express
  4. (British) One's nearest or regularly frequented public house or bar.
    I got barred from my local, so I've started going all the way into town for a drink.
    • 2010, “Nothing”, in Science & Faith, performed by The Script:
      As they take me to my local down the street.
  5. (programming) A locally scoped identifier.
    Functional programming languages usually don't allow changing the immediate value of locals once they've been initialized, unless they're explicitly marked as being mutable.
    • 2012, Cesar Otero, Rob Larsen, Professional jQuery, page 25:
      Globals are visible anywhere in your application, whereas locals are visible only in the function in which they're declared.
  6. (US, slang, journalism) An item of news relating to the place where the newspaper is published.
  7. (colloquial, medicine) Clipping of local anesthetic.
    • 1989, Road House, page 39:
      Well, Mr. Dalton, you may add nine staples to your dossier of thirty‐one broken bones, two bullet wounds, nine puncture wounds and four steel screws. That’s an estimate, of course. I’ll give you a local.
  8. (finance) An independent trader who acts for themselves rather than on behalf of investors.
    Synonym: floor trader
    • 2009, R. Stafford Johnson, Bond Evaluation, Selection, and Management, page 316:
      On most futures exchanges, there are two major types of futures traders/members: commission brokers and locals.
  9. (fandom slang, derogatory) A Twitter user who is not a part of Stan Twitter.
    • 2018, Max Ghasserani, "Spill The Tea On A Sister Skinny Legend", The Investigator (Green Valley High School, Henderson, NV), October 2018, page 25:
      Her camera roll is filled with pictures and videos of her idol, she doesn't let any of her friends see her account because "no locals allowed", […]
    • 2018 October 16, Fergal Smiddy, “The 6 Types of People You Meet on Twitter”, in University Express, University College Cork, Ireland, page 11:
      Locals are characterised by their seeming lack of involvement or ~expertise~ on the platform.
    • 2019, Avin Abelardo, "Deep Dive Into The World Of Troll Twitter Memes", Echoes (University of the Philippines), February/March 2019, page 60:
      Heck, even locals sometimes use GIFs of her when they feel like tweeting with taste.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:local.

Translations[edit]

local train — see local train

Adverb[edit]

local (comparative more local, superlative most local)

  1. In the local area; within a city, state, country, etc.
    It's never been more important to buy local.
    • 2016, Vinod K. Jain, Global Strategy: Competing in the Connected Economy, page 122:
      Coca-Cola, for example, shifted its stance, unsuccessfully, between “think global, act global” and “think local, act local” during the tenures of three different CEOs in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from local (all parts of speech)

Related terms[edit]

Terms etymologically related to local (all parts of speech)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Krull, Wolfgang. "Dimensionstheorie in Stellenringen [47]". Volume 1+2, edited by Paulo Ribenboim, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1999, pp. 730-734. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110801026.730

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Asturian[edit]

Adjective[edit]

local (epicene, plural locales)

  1. Alternative form of llocal

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus. First attested in 1803.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

local m or f (masculine and feminine plural locals)

  1. local

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

local m (plural locals)

  1. property, premises; business, storefront

References[edit]

  1. ^ “local”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024

Further reading[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English local.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

local

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese or overseas Mandarin) local (people, as opposed to foreigners)

References[edit]

Fala[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

local (plural locais)

  1. local

Noun[edit]

local m (plural locais)

  1. premises; rooms

References[edit]

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

local (feminine locale, masculine plural locaux, feminine plural locales)

  1. local
    Antonym: global

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

local m (plural locaux)

  1. room

Descendants[edit]

  • → Danish: lokale
  • → Romanian: local
  • → Turkish: lokal

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus.

Adjective[edit]

local m or f (plural locais)

  1. local

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

local m (plural locais)

  1. premises; rooms

References[edit]

  • “local” in DIGALEGO - Dicionario de Galego, Ir Indo 2004, Xunta de Galicia 2013.
  • “local” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
  • “local” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.

Ladin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Adjective[edit]

local m (feminine singular locala, masculine plural locai, feminine plural locales)

  1. local

Lombard[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Milanese) IPA(key): /luˈcaːl/

Adjective[edit]

local (plural locai)

  1. local

Piedmontese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

local

  1. local

Noun[edit]

local m

  1. room

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus. Cognate with the inherited lugar.

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • Rhymes: -al, -aw
  • Hyphenation: lo‧cal

Adjective[edit]

local m or f (plural locais)

  1. local

Noun[edit]

local m (plural locais)

  1. premises, rooms
  2. site
  3. place, location

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French local, Late Latin localis. By surface analysis, loc +‎ -al.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

local m or n (feminine singular locală, masculine plural locali, feminine and neuter plural locale)

  1. local

Declension[edit]

Declension of local
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite local locală locali locale
definite localul locala localii localele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite local locale locali locale
definite localului localei localilor localelor

Related terms[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus. Compare the inherited doublet lugar.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /loˈkal/ [loˈkal]
  • Audio (Venezuela):(file)
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: lo‧cal

Adjective[edit]

local m or f (masculine and feminine plural locales)

  1. local

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

local m (plural locales)

  1. premises, rooms
  2. (Mexico) store or other retail unit in a shopping center

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

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