هم

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See also: ہم

Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /hum/
  • (file)

Pronoun[edit]

هُمْ (humm pl (enclitic form ـهُم or ـهِم)

  1. they (masculine plural subject pronoun)
See also[edit]
Arabic personal pronouns
Isolated nominative pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person أَنَا (ʔanā) نَحْنُ (naḥnu)
2nd person m أَنْتَ (ʔanta) أَنْتُمَا (ʔantumā) أَنْتُمْ (ʔantum)
f أَنْتِ (ʔanti) أَنْتُنَّ (ʔantunna)
3rd person m هُوَ (huwa) هُمَا (humā) هُمْ (hum), هُمُ (humu)1
f هِيَ (hiya) هُنَّ (hunna)
Isolated accusative pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person إِيَّايَ (ʔiyyāya) إِيَّانَا (ʔiyyānā)
2nd person m إِيَّاكَ (ʔiyyāka) إِيَّاكُمَا (ʔiyyākumā) إِيَّاكُم (ʔiyyākum)
f إِيَّاكِ (ʔiyyāki) إِيَّاكُنَّ (ʔiyyākunna)
3rd person m إِيَّاهُ (ʔiyyāhu) إِيَّاهُمَا (ʔiyyāhumā) إِيَّاهُمْ (ʔiyyāhum)
f إِيَّاهَا (ʔiyyāhā) إِيَّاهُنَّ (ʔiyyāhunna)
Enclitic accusative and genitive pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person ـنِي (-nī), ـنِيَ (-niya), ـي (-y), ـيَ (-ya)2 ـنَا (-nā)
2nd person m ـكَ (-ka) ـكُمَا (-kumā) ـكُم (-kum)
f ـكِ (-ki) ـكُنَّ (-kunna)
3rd person m ـهُ (-hu), ـهِ (-hi)3 ـهُمَا (-humā), ـهِمَا (-himā)3 ـهُم (-hum), ـهِم (-him)3
f ـهَا (-hā) ـهُنَّ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ (-hinna)3
1. هُمْ (hum) becomes هُمُ (humu) before the definite article الـ (al--).
2. Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, me) is attached to verbs, but ـِي () or ـيَ (-ya, my) is attached to nouns. In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـِي () is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي () or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)).
3. ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, , or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, , -u, , -aw).

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ـهُمْ or ـهِمْ (-hum or -himm pl (enclitic form of هُم (hum))

  1. them, their (masculine plural bound object pronoun)

Etymology 3[edit]

From the root ه م م (h-m-m).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

هَمَّ (hamma) I, non-past يَهُمُّ‎ (yahummu)

  1. to disquiet, to make uneasy, to distress
  2. to grieve
  3. to preoccupy, to concern, to affect
  4. to be of interest
  5. to plan, to be about to, to start doing, to become determined [+ بِ (object)]
    هَمُّوا بِٱلْفِرَارِ
    hammū bi-l-firāri
    They started running away.
Conjugation[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

From the root ه م م (h-m-m).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

هَمّ (hammm (plural هُمُوم (humūm))

  1. verbal noun of هَمَّ (hamma) (form I)
  2. anxiety, concern, worry, care
  3. sorrow, grief, affliction, distress
  4. weight, moment, importance
Declension[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

From the root ه م م (h-m-m).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

هِمّ (himm) (feminine هِمَّة (himma), masculine plural أَهْمَام (ʔahmām), feminine plural هَمَائِم (hamāʔim) or هِمَّات (himmāt))

  1. decrepit, senile
Declension[edit]
References[edit]
  • Wehr, Hans (1979), “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Noun[edit]

هِمّ (himmm (plural أَهْمَام (ʔahmām), feminine هِمَّة (himma))

  1. old man
Declension[edit]

References[edit]

  • Freytag, Georg (1837), “هم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 406
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “هم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1442
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “هم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen, page 1181
  • Wehr, Hans (1979), “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
  • Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “هم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1355–1356

Egyptian Arabic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

هم (hummapl

  1. they

See also[edit]

Suffix[edit]

ـهم (-humpl

  1. them, their

Hijazi Arabic[edit]

Root
ه م م
1 term

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic هَمّ (hamm).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

هم (hammm (plural هموم (humūm) or أهمام (ʾahmām))

  1. worry

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic هُمْ (hum).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

هم (hummapl

  1. they

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Suffix[edit]

ـهُم (-humpl

  1. them, their

Iraqi Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Persian هم (ham).

Adverb[edit]

هم (ham)

  1. still, all the same
    مهما نسوي هم مقصرين.
    Mahma nsawwi ham muqaṣṣirīn.
    Whatever we do, we still don't do enough.

Persian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Persian hm (ham, also, same), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (h-m /⁠ham(a)⁠/, same, together), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (same).[1] Compare Sanskrit सम (sama), English same.

Alternative forms[edit]

  • ـم (-am) (colloquial)

Pronunciation[edit]

 
 

Readings
Classical reading? ham
Dari reading? ham
Iranian reading? ham
Tajik reading? ham
  • This word never takes stress.

Adverb[edit]

هم (ham)[2]

  1. also, too; (in negative constructions, chiefly as a post-positive particle) either, neither
    Synonym: (formal) نیز (niz)
    از این کتاب هم خوشم می‌آید.
    az in ketâb ham xošam mi-âyad.
    I like this book, too.
    فارسی هم بلد نیست.
    fârsi ham balad nist.
    He doesn't speak Persian, either.
  2. even; often with حتی (hatta)
    حتی موش هم خوردند.
    hattâ muš ham xordand.
    Even rats were eaten.
  3. (as هم (ham)... هم (ham)) both
    یک سال بعد هم من و هم او ازدواج كرديم.
    yek sâl-e ba'd ham man o ham u ezdevâj kardim.
    A year later, he and I married.
  4. Used in the non-initial clause to suggest a contrast.
    او گپ می‌زد، من هم ساکت بودم.
    u gap mi-zad, man ham sâket budam.
    He talked; as for me, I was silent.
    بد نیست، خیلی هم خوب است.
    bad nist, xeyli ham xub ast.
    It's not bad, rather it's very good.
Usage notes[edit]
  • هم (ham) directly follows the word or phrase it modifies, except in the coordinate construction هم (ham)... هم (ham) in which case it comes before.
از این کتاب هم خوشم می‌آید.
az in ketâb ham xošam mi-âyad.
I like this book, also. (In addition to another book that I like, I like this one.)
من هم از این کتاب خوشم می‌آید.
man ham az in ketâb xošam mi-âyad.
I also like this book. (In addition to someone else who likes this book, I do.)

Pronoun[edit]

هم (ham)

  1. each other; Short for همدیگر (hamdigar).
Derived terms[edit]

Prefix[edit]

هم (ham-)

  1. co-; denotes sharing of a property
    هم (ham) + ‎کلاس (kelâs, class) → ‎همکلاس (hamkelâs, classmate)
    هم (ham) + ‎سایه (sâye, shadow, shade) → ‎همسایه (hamsâye, neighbor)
    هم (ham) + ‎وطن (vatan, fatherland, nation) → ‎هموطن (hamvatan, compatriot)
Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Armenian: համ (ham, and, both)
  • Azerbaijani: həm (and)
  • Bashkir: һәм (həm, and)
  • Tatar: һәм (häm, and)
  • Iraqi Arabic: هم (still)

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic هَمّ (hamm).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? ham(m)
Dari reading? ham(m)
Iranian reading? ham(m)
Tajik reading? ham(m)

Noun[edit]

هم (ham)

  1. (literary) grief; sorrow
    Synonym: غم (ğam)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 344
  2. ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “ham”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 39

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic هُمْ (hum).

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /hom.me/, [ˈhʊm.me]
  • (file)

Pronoun[edit]

هم (hommepl (enclitic form ـهم (-hom))

  1. they (third-person plural subject pronoun)
    Synonym: (Galilee) هن (hinne)

See also[edit]

South Levantine Arabic personal pronouns
Singular Plural
1st person أنا (ʔana) احنا (ʔiḥna)
2nd person m انت (ʔinta) انتو (ʔintu)
f انتي (ʔinti)
3rd person m هو (huwwe) هم (homme)
f هي (hiyye)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic ـهُمْ (-hum) or ـهِمْ (-him).

Suffix[edit]

ـهم (-hompl

  1. Enclitic form of هم (homme)
  2. they, them, their
    Synonym: (Galilee) ـهن (-hen)

See also[edit]

South Levantine Arabic enclitic pronouns
Singular Plural
after consonant after vowel
1st person after verb ـني (-ni) ـنا (-na)
else ـِي (-i) ـي (-y)
2nd person m ـَك (-ak) ـك (-k) ـكُم (-kom) / ـكو (-ku)
f ـِك (-ek) ـكي (-ki)
3rd person m ـُه (-o) ـه (-h) ـهُم (-hom)
f ـها (-ha)

Etymology 3[edit]

Root
ه م م
3 terms

From Arabic هَمَّ (hamma).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

همّ (hamm) I (present بهمّ (bihimm))

  1. to concern, to preoccupy
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of همّ (hamm)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m همّيت (hammēt) همّيت (hammēt) همّ (hamm) همّينا (hammēna) همّيتو (hammētu) همّو (hammu)
f همّيتي (hammēti) همّت (hammat)
present m بهمّ (bahimm) بتهمّ (bithimm) بهمّ (bihimm) منهمّ (minhimm) بتهمّو (bithimmu) بهمّو (bihimmu)
f بتهمّي (bithimmi) بتهمّ (bithimm)
subjunctive m اهمّ (ahimm) تهمّ (thimm) يهمّ (yhimm) نهمّ (nhimm) تهمّو (thimmu) يهمّو (yhimmu)
f تهمّي (thimmi) تهمّ (thimm)
imperative m همّ (himm) همّو (himmu)
f همّي (himmi)

Tunisian Arabic[edit]

Suffix[edit]

ـهُمْ (-humpl

  1. them, their