丹

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See also: 丼 and 开
丹 U+4E39, 丹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E39
← 丸
[U+4E38] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 为 →
[U+4E3A]
丹 U+F95E, 丹
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F95E
← 諾
[U+F95D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 寧 →
[U+F95F]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

丹 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY), four-corner 77440, composition ⿻⺆亠 or ⿻⺆⿱丶一)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 99
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 44, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E39

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 丹
alternative forms
 
𠂁
𠁿
𠕑
𢒈
㣋
𠂁
𠁿
𠕑
𢒈
㣋
㐤

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 丹
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j12547

j12548

j12549

Bronze inscriptions

b07719

Small seal script

s03655

Transcribed ancient scripts

L06505

L06506

L06507

L06508

L06509

L06510

L06511

L06512

L06513

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丹 *taːn
旃 *tjan
栴 *tjan

Etymology 1[edit]

Schuessler (2007) suggests a Kam-Tai origin, comparing it to Proto-Kam-Sui *h-lanꟲ (“red”). 矸, as in 丹矸, may be a variant; see there for more.

Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)a-n ~ *tsa-n (“red”), whence Burmese တာ (ta, “very red”) (Matisoff, 2003; Hill, 2014); however, STEDT currently does not compare this to 丹.

Possibly related to 旃 (OC *tjan, “a plain red flag”), as well as 袒 (OC *daːnʔ, “to bare; to strip oneself naked to the waist”), as skin color is often associated with "red". See these entries for more.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • dang1 - literary;
  • duan1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 牡丹).
Rime
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都寒切
Baxter tan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tan/
Li
Rong 		/tɑn/
Wang
Li 		/tɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		daan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁan/
English cinnabar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
No. 1980
Phonetic
component 		丹
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		單
Old
Chinese 		/*taːn/

Definitions[edit]

丹

  1. cinnabar
  2. red
  3. refined medical substance
  4. a surname
Synonyms[edit]
  • (red): See 紅／红
  • (cinnabar):

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

丹

  1. (Catholicism) Dan
Synonyms[edit]
Terms for Dan in different branches of Christianity
Branch Words
Protestant 但
Roman Catholic 丹

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

丹

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. cinnabar
  2. red
  3. elixir made with cinnabar (e.g. Chinese elixir of life)
  4. improvised medicine
  5. devotion
  6. Short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, “Tanba Province”)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
丹
に
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.

Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).[1][2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

丹(に) • (ni) 

  1. the color red
    Synonyms: 赤色 (akairo), 丹色 (niiro)
  2. red earth
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
丹
たん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

丹(たん) • (tan) 

  1. cinnabar
    Synonym: 辰砂 (shinsha)
  2. a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga
  3. medicine, especially one for inducing immortality
    Synonym: 薬 (yaku)
  4. a yellow-red color, as of cinnabar
Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

丹(たん) • (Tan) 

  1. a surname

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).

Hanja[edit]

丹 (eumhun 붉을 단 (bulgeul dan))

  1. Hanja form? of 단 (“red”).

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Hanja[edit]

丹 (eumhun 정성스러울 란 (jeongseongseureoul ran), South Korea 정성스러울 난 (jeongseongseureoul nan))

  1. Hanja form? of 란 (“devotion”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
  • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丹

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

丹: Hán Việt readings: đan (都(đô)艱(gian)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], đơn[5][4]
丹: Nôm readings: đơn[2][6][5][4][7], đan[1][2][3][6]

  1. chữ Hán form of đan/đơn (“cinnabar”).
  2. chữ Hán form of đan/đơn (“red color”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Génibrel (1898).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hồ (1976).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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