供

供 U+4F9B, 供 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F9B ← 侚 [U+4F9A] CJK Unified Ideographs 侜 → [U+4F9C]

Translingual

Han character

供 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人廿金 (OTC), four-corner 2428₁, composition ⿰亻共)

Derived characters

• 䣏, 𥯏, 𧨻

Descendants

• 𛀮

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 102, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 605
• Dae Jaweon: page 216, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 144, character 4
• Unihan data for U+4F9B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		供
alternative forms		共 龔／龚 to supply

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 供
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Small seal script s05738 Transcribed ancient scripts L00855 L00856
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
港	*kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	*ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs
烘	*qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	*kloŋ, *kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	*kloŋ, *kloŋʔ
共	*kloŋ, *ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	*kloŋʔ, *kloɡ
蛬	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloŋ, *kloŋs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōng, gòng (gong¹, gong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ, ㄍㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiûng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): giung¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): keng / kiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹kon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gong
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, common mispronunciation)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
    • Wade–Giles: kung⁴
    • Yale: gùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: giung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
    • Tâi-lô: kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/

Note:

• keng - vernacular;
• kiong - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gêng¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹kon
    • MiniDict: kon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjowng

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九容切
Baxter	kjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ/
Li Rong	/kioŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	供
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>oŋ/
English	furnish; serve, offer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
No.	4167
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恭
Old Chinese	/*kloŋ/

Definitions

供

1. to supply; to provide for
2. to provide certain convenience or support
3. to pay in installments

   供樓／供楼 [Cantonese]  ―  gung¹ lau^4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to pay a housing mortgage

4. Alternative form of 恭 (gōng, “to respect”)
5. a surname

Compounds

• 供不上
• 供不應求／供不应求 (gōngbùyìngqiú)
• 供張／供张
• 供應商／供应商 (gōngyìngshāng)
• 供氧 (gōngyǎng)
• 供水 (gōngshuǐ)
• 供求 (gōngqiú)
• 供用 (gōngyòng)
• 供給／供给 (gōngjǐ)
• 供膳甘肥
• 供過於求／供过于求 (gōngguòyúqiú)
• 供銷／供销 (gōngxiāo)
• 供銷員／供销员
• 供電／供电 (gōngdiàn)
• 供電系統／供电系统
• 供需 (gōngxū)
• 供需失衡
• 供需失調／供需失调
• 供食 (gōngshí)
• 提供
• 氧供 (yǎnggōng)
• 求過於供／求过于供
• 產供銷／产供销

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gòng, gōng (gong⁴, gong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ, ㄍㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiûng / kiung

  (Meixian, Guangdong): giung⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): gé̤ṳng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiòng / kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gong³ / gêng¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵cion; ⁵kon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
    • Wade–Giles: kung⁴
    • Yale: gùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gong
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• gōng - Taiwan standard for “to confess; confession”, and Mainland standard for “to look after”. In actual usage, however, the two pronunciations are often confused.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung³
    • Yale: gung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng / kiung
    • Hakka Romanization System: giung´ / giung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹ / giung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/, /ki̯uŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /køyŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiòng
    • Tâi-lô: kiòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kioxng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/

Note:

• kiòng - literary;
• kèng - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gong³ / gêng¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng / keng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ²¹³/, /keŋ³³/

Note: gêng1 - alternative reading.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵cion; ⁵kon
    • MiniDict: cion^去; kon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jion; ²kon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕioŋ³⁴/, /koŋ³⁴/

Note:

• 2jion - vernacular;
• 2kon - literary.

---

• Middle Chinese: kjowngH

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居用切
Baxter	kjowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋH/
Li Rong	/kioŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	2/2
No.	4178
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	供
Old Chinese	/*kloŋs/

Definitions

供

1. to present incense or offerings before the image of a god or the deceased; to enshrine and worship
2. offering; tribute; sacrifice
3. to assume office
4. to confess; to own up; to make a confession of

   供述  ―  gōngshù  ―  to confess (in an interrogation)

5. confession; admission; owning up
6. to look after (one's parents or children etc.); to support
7. (Hakka) to raise (children or animals); to feed (livestocks)

   供豬仔／供猪仔 [Meixian Hakka]  ―  giung⁴ zu¹ ê³ [Hakka Transliteration Scheme]  ―  to feed pigs

Compounds

• 上供 (shànggòng)
• 不供
• 串供 (chuàngòng)
• 供事 (gòngshì)
• 供佛 (gòngfó)
• 供吐
• 供品 (gòngpǐn)
• 供奉 (gòngfèng)
• 供奠
• 供客
• 供尖
• 供床
• 供應／供应 (gōngyìng)
• 供承
• 供招
• 供攀
• 供月兒／供月儿
• 供果 (gòngguǒ)
• 供桌 (gòngzhuō)
• 供狀／供状 (gòngzhuàng)
• 供獻／供献
• 供碗
• 供稱／供称 (gòngchēng)
• 供職／供职 (gòngzhí)
• 供花
• 供茶
• 供詞／供词 (gòngcí)
• 供認／供认 (gòngrèn)
• 供述 (gòngshù)
• 供過／供过
• 供養／供养
• 口供
• 打供
• 打供太保
• 投供
• 招供 (zhāogòng)
• 擺供／摆供 (bǎigòng)
• 攀供
• 明伙畫供
• 炸供
• 煙雲供養／烟云供养
• 畫供／画供 (huàgòng)
• 筆供／笔供 (bǐgòng)
• 翻供 (fāngòng)
• 自供狀／自供状 (zìgòngzhuàng)
• 蜜供
• 親供／亲供
• 訊供／讯供
• 逼供 (bīgòng)
• 錄供／录供 (lùgòng)
• 香花供養／香花供养
• 齋供／斋供

 

References

• “供”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

供

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. companion
2. offer

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←きよう (kyou, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 供える, Jōyō); とも (tomo, 供, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 供(そな)え物(もの) (sonaemono, “offering to gods”)
• 供(く)物(もつ) (kumotsu, “offering to gods”)
• 供(きょう)宴(えん) (kyōen, “banquet”)
• 供(きょう)応(おう) (kyōō, “treating to dinner”)
• 供(きょう)花(か) (kyōka, “floral offering”)
• 供(く)犠(ぎ) (kugi, “animal sacrifice”)
• 供(きょう)給(きゅう) (kyōkyū, “supply”)
• 供(きょう)血(けつ) (kyōketsu, “blood donation”)
• 供(く)御(ご) (kugo, “emperor's meal”)
• 供(ぐ)祭(さい) (gusai, “offering”)
• 供(きょう)出(しゅつ) (kyōshutsu, “delivery”)
• 供(きょう)述(じゅつ) (kyōjutsu, “affidavit”)
• 供(ぐ)進(しん) (gushin, “giving an offering”)
• 供(とも)人(びと) (tomobito, “companion”)
• 供(とも)勢(ぜい) (tomozei, “servant”)
• 供(きょう)託(たく) (kyōtaku, “deposit”)
• 供(きょう)米(まい) (kyōmai, “rice delivered to the government”)
• 供(ぐ)奉(ぶ) (gubu, “accompanying”)
• 供(きょう)与(よ) (kyōyo, “provision”)
• 供(きょう)用(よう) (kyōyō, “offer for use”)
• 供(く)養(よう) (kuyō, “memorial service”)
• 供(きょう)覧(らん) (kyōran, “display”)
• 供(きょう)料(りょう) (kyōryō, “offering”)
• 口(こう)供(きょう) (kōkyō, “affidavit”)
• 自(じ)供(きょう) (jikyō, “confession”)
• 節(せっ)供(く) (sekku, “seasonal festival”)
• 提(てい)供(きょう) (teikyō, “providing”)
• 私(わたし)供(ども) (watashidomo, “we”)
• 初(はつ)節(ぜっ)供(く) (hatsuzekku)
• 子(こ)供(ども) (kodomo, “child”)
• 試(し)供(きょう)品(ひん) (shikyōhin, “free sample”)

Kanji in this term
供
とも Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Noun

供(とも) • (tomo) 

1. attendant, servant
2. companion
3. entourage

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 人(ひと)身(み)御(ご)供(くう) (hitomi gokū, “human sacrifice”)
• 供(とも)回(まわ)り (tomomawari)
• 供(とも)待(ま)ち (tomomachi, “attendant's waiting room”)
• 供(とも)揃(ぞろ)い (tomozoroi, “attendants”)

Korean

Hanja

供 (eumhun 이바지할 공 (ibajihal gong))

1. Hanja form^? of 공 (“contribute, supply, provide”).

Vietnamese

Han character

供: Hán Nôm readings: cung, cúng, củng, cũng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation