兼

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兼 U+517C, 兼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-517C
← 养
[U+517B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兽 →
[U+517D]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 兼
Simplified 兼
Japanese 兼
Korean 兼

Han character[edit]

兼 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿難金 (TXC), four-corner 80237, composition ⿱䒑⿻⿻コ卄八(GHTJV) or ⿳八一⿻⿻コ卄八(K))

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 128, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1483
  • Dae Jaweon: page 288, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 249, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+517C

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 兼
alternative forms
 
𠔥
𬻵
𭵄
𭵈
𭁐
𠔥
𬻵
𭵄
𭵈
𭁐
𭆢
𮏳

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 兼
Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b11167

Small seal script

s05098

Transcribed ancient scripts

L33971

L33972

L33973

L33974

L33975

L13088

L13089

L13090

L13091

L13092

L13093

L13094

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
譧 *r'eːms
賺 *r'eːms
尲 *kreːm
鹻 *kreːmʔ
歉 *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms
槏 *kʰreːmʔ
鰜 *ɡreːm, *keːm
稴 *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
豏 *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms
甉 *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm
廉 *ɡ·rem
鎌 *ɡ·rem
鬑 *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
鐮 *ɡ·rem
簾 *ɡ·rem
薕 *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
蠊 *ɡ·rem
嬚 *ɡ·remʔ
溓 *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
嵰 *kʰremʔ
隒 *ŋɡremʔ
熑 *ɡ·reːm
濂 *ɡ·reːm
燫 *ɡ·reːm
兼 *keːm, *keːms
縑 *keːm
鶼 *keːm
蒹 *keːm
搛 *keːm
謙 *kʰeːm
膁 *kʰeːmʔ
嗛 *kʰeːmʔ
慊 *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb
傔 *kʰeːms
馦 *qʰeːm
嫌 *ɡeːm
鼸 *ɡeːmʔ
尷 *kreːm

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Hand 又 (as in 肀) holding two grain stalks 禾. Compare: 秉 (bǐng), a hand holding one plant.

Etymology[edit]

Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ckiəm ~ ckəm ~ ckam ~ ckaim (“to grasp, to hold”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • giam1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Pontianak;
  • giang1 - Chenghai.
    Rime
    Character 兼 兼
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 添 (157) 添 (157)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) IV IV
    Fanqie 古甜切 古念切
    Baxter kem kemH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kem/ /kemH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kem/ /kemH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɛm/ /kɛmH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kɛm/ /kɛmH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kem/ /kemH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kiem/ /kiemH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kiem/ /kiemH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jiān jiàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gim1 gim3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 兼
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kem ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ˁem/
    English combine; at the same time

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 兼 兼
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 6063 6069
    Phonetic
    component         		兼 兼
    Rime
    group         		談 談
    Rime
    subdivision         		2 2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		兼 兼
    Old
    Chinese         		/*keːm/ /*keːms/
    Notes 別分紀念切，集韻並

    Definitions[edit]

    兼

    1. to do two or more things simultaneously; to hold a concurrent post or role; to combine
      總理兼外交部長 [MSC, trad.]
      总理兼外交部长 [MSC, simp.]
      zǒnglǐ jiān wàijiāobùzhǎng [Pinyin]
      Prime Minister and concurrently Minister of Foreign Affairs
      教練兼隊員／教练兼队员  ―  jiàoliàn jiān duìyuán  ―  player-coach; playing coach
      兼管  ―  jiānguǎn  ―  to concurrently be in charge of
    2. concurrently; simultaneously; combining; both
      兼有兩性特徵的／兼有两性特征的  ―  jiān yǒu liǎng xìng tèzhēng de  ―  having both sexual characteristics; androgynous
    3. † double
      兼程  ―  jiānchéng  ―  to travel at double speed
      兼旬  ―  jiānxún  ―  twenty days
    4. to amalgamate, to merge
    5. to annex, to absorb
    6. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 兼
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    兼󠄁
    兼+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    兼󠄄
    兼+&#xE0104;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    兼

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    兼
    けん
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    /kem/ → /kemʉ/ → /keɴ/

    From Middle Chinese 兼 (MC kem|kemH).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Conjunction[edit]

    兼(けん) • (-ken-) 

    1. -cum-, concurrently, and; in addition
      書(しょ)斎(さい)兼(けん)応(おう)接(せつ)間(ま)
      shosai-ken-ōsetsuma
      study-cum-drawing room
      首(しゅ)相(しょう)兼(けん)外(がい)相(しょう)
      shushō-ken-gaishō
      someone who holds the offices of both Prime Minister and Foreign Minister

    Noun[edit]

    兼(けん) • (ken) 

    1. doing two or more things at the same time
    2. holding two or more government offices at the same time

    Derived terms[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    兼(けん) • (Ken) 

    1. a male given name

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “兼”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    兼 (eumhun 겸할 겸 (gyeomhal gyeom))

    1. Hanja form? of 겸 (“unite, connect, combine”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    兼: Hán Nôm readings: kiêm

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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