勢

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See also: 势
勢 U+52E2, 勢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E2
← 勡
[U+52E1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勣 →
[U+52E3]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

勢 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土戈大尸 (GIKS), four-corner 45427, composition ⿱埶力)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 149, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2422
  • Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 377, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+52E2

Chinese[edit]

trad. 勢
simp. 势
alternative forms 埶
㔟
𫝑／势

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (埶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
褹 *ŋr'eːds, *ŋeds
勢 *hŋjeds
藝 *ŋeds
囈 *ŋeds
埶 *ŋeds
蓺 *ŋeds
槸 *ŋeds
爇 *ŋʷjed
褻 *sŋed
暬 *sŋed
熱 *ŋjed
槷 *ŋeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋjeds) : phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 力 (“power”).

Etymology[edit]

Nominalisation of 設 (OC *ŋ̊et, “to set up”), i.e. “that which is set up” (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare the following quote from Han Feizi:

吾所為言勢者，言人之所設也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
吾所为言势者，言人之所设也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
Wú suǒ wéi yán shì zhě, yán rén zhī suǒ shè yě. [Pinyin]
The setup (*ŋ̊et-s) of which I am speaking refers to what is set up (*ŋ̊et) by men.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sè - literary;
  • sì - vernacular.
Rime
Character 勢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 祭 (35)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舒制切
Baxter syejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕiajH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭɛiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 勢
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ̊et-s/
English circumstances, setting

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 勢
Reading # 1/1
No. 15089
Phonetic
component 		埶
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		丗
Old
Chinese 		/*hŋjeds/

Definitions[edit]

勢

  1. power; force; momentum; influence; authority
  2. outward appearance of something
  3. posture; position; pose; bearing
  4. situation; circumstances; conditions
  5. tendency; trend
  6. male genitals
    去勢／去势  ―  qùshì  ―  to castrate
  7. (set theory, of a set) cardinality
  8. (physics, mathematics) potential
  9. (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Suffix for locality noun.

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

勢

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. forces
  2. energy
  3. military strength

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
勢
せい
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Derived from Middle Chinese 勢 (MC syejH).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

勢(せい) • (sei) ←せい (sei)?

  1. force

Suffix[edit]

勢(せい) • (-sei) ←せい (sei)?

  1. group of people with a common trait
    海(かい)外(がい)勢(せい)
    kaigai-sei
    overseas fanbase
    C(シー)D(ディー)勢(せい)
    shīdī-sei
    the type of person who prefers to purchase CDs

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

勢 (eumhun 형세 세 (hyeongse se))

  1. Hanja form? of 세 (“force”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

勢: Hán Nôm readings: thế, thể

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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