危

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
危 U+5371, 危
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5371
← 印
[U+5370] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卲 →
[U+5372]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character[edit]

危 (Kangxi radical 26, 卩+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓一尸山 (NMSU), four-corner 27212, composition ⿸厃㔾)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 159, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2849
  • Dae Jaweon: page 364, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 312, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5371

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 危
alternative forms 厃
𡴲
𡵁
𡴸
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 危
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (危) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鮠 *ŋuːl
峞 *ŋuːl, *ŋuːlʔ
頠 *ŋuːlʔ, *ŋrolʔ
詭 *krolʔ
垝 *krolʔ, *krols
陒 *krolʔ
觤 *krolʔ
恑 *krolʔ
蛫 *krolʔ
祪 *krolʔ
洈 *krolʔ, *ŋrol
姽 *krolʔ, *ŋrolʔ
桅 *krolʔ
佹 *krolʔ
跪 *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ
危 *ŋrol
峗 *ŋrol
硊 *ŋrolʔ
卼 *kʰruls

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 厃 (“person on a cliff or mountain”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”).

Written like 𡴲 during the Warring States period, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 山 (“mountain”).

Etymology[edit]

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋō̆j (~-ō̆l) (“high, rise”) and compares 危 to Burmese ငွား (ngwa:, “be large, great, be high, to project prominently above and beyond others”), Jingpho [script needed] (ŋoi, “to rise, as a hill”); & possibly Proto-Kiranti *ŋo-.

Schuessler (2007) notes that Chinese and Written Burmese can be reconciled by assuming an ST final *-l; furthermore, 危 (OC *ŋoi) may be a vocalic variant of 巍 (OC *ŋui), which in turn is related to 魏 (OC *ŋuih).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • gûi - literary;
  • hûi - vernacular;
  • ûi/lûi - colloquial.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 危
Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵⁵/
Harbin /uei²¹³/
Tianjin /vei²¹/
Jinan /vei⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ve⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uei⁵³/
Xi'an /uei²¹/
Xining /uɨ²⁴/
Yinchuan /vei⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /vei³¹/
Ürümqi /vei⁵¹/
Wuhan /uei²¹³/
Chengdu /uei³¹/
Guiyang /uei²¹/
Kunming /uei³¹/
Nanjing /uəi²⁴/
Hefei /ue⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /vei¹¹/
Pingyao /uei¹³/
Hohhot /vei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦue²³/
Suzhou /ɦue̞¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦui²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵy³¹/
Hui Shexian /ue⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ue⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /uei¹³/
Xiangtan /uəi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ui⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋui¹¹/
Taoyuan /vui¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋɐi²¹/
Nanning /ŋɐi²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋɐi²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gui³⁵/
/hui³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋuoi⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋy³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋũi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋui³¹/
Rime
Character 危
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 支 (14)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚爲切
Baxter ngjwe
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠiuᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋʷᵚiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiuɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋjwiə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ŋjue/
Wang
Li 		/ŋǐwe/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋwie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wéi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 危
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wēi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjwe ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ŋ](r)[o]j/
English in danger

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 危
Reading # 1/1
No. 12781
Phonetic
component 		危
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		危
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋrol/

Definitions[edit]

危

  1. dangerous
    危在旦夕  ―  wēizàidànxī  ―  in imminent danger
    居安思危  ―  jū'ānsīwēi  ―  to think of danger in times of safety
  2. (literary) precarious; high
    危峰  ―  wēifēng  ―  towering peak
  3. dying
    病危  ―  bìngwēi  ―  critically ill
    垂危  ―  chuíwēi  ―  to be critically ill
  4. (literary) upright; proper
    正襟危坐  ―  zhèngjīnwēizuò  ―  to sit straight solemnly
  5. to endanger; to put in danger
    危及  ―  wēijí  ―  to endanger
  6. to fear; to be uneasy
    人人自危  ―  rénrénzìwēi  ―  everyone feels insecure
  7. (literary) roof
  8. (～宿) (astronomy) the Roof, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius and Pegasus
  9. (Internet slang, ACG) Danger! (Used usually alone by one to warn or tell other participants or viewers of a video, video game, etc. that one or several persons or things are in danger and dying for help. Originated from a video game.)
  10. a surname

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 危 – see 懸 (“(Teochew) high; tall”).
(This character is a variant form of 懸).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 危
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
危󠄁
危+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
危󠄄
危+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

危

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. danger

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 372 (paper), page 236 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 261 (paper), page 142 (digital)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

危 (eumhun 위태할 위 (witaehal wi))

  1. dangerous, precarious
  2. high

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

危: Hán Nôm readings: nguy, ngoay, ngoe, nguầy, ngùy/nguỳ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=危&oldid=78740417"