From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
U+53CB, 友
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CB

[U+53CA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+53CC]
See also: and

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 29, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大水 (KE), four-corner 40047, composition 𠂇)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 165, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3119
  • Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 391, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53CB

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𦫹
𦐮

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (hand) + (hand) – two right hands meeting in friendship. Also phono-semantic (形聲形声), from (OC *ɢʷɯs).

Etymology[edit]

Endoactive derivation of (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan གྲོགས (grogs, friend; companion) (STEDT).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • jau5-2 - “guy; bloke”.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Northern Min
  • Eastern Min
  • Southern Min
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (35)
    Final () (136)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter hjuwX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦɨuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦiuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣiəuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦuwX/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣiuX/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣĭəuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /i̯ə̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    yǒu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jau5
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    yǒu
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ hjuwX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
    English friend

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15596
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɢʷɯʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. friend; companion
        ―  hǎoyǒu  ―  good friend
      [Cantonese]  ―  bo1 jau5 [Jyutping]  ―  friend that someone often plays ball games with
    2. (literary) to make friends with
    3. (literary, chiefly among brothers) to love each other
    4. (in compounds) friendly
        ―  yǒubāng  ―  friendly nation
        ―  yǒujūn  ―  friendly forces
    5. (Cantonese, colloquial, somewhat impolite) guy; bloke (Classifier: c;  c;  c;  c)
      西裝西装 [Cantonese]  ―  sai1 zong1 jau5-2 [Jyutping]  ―  guy in a suit
      [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 ding1 jau5-2 [Jyutping]  ―  alone; by oneself
    6. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. friend

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    とも
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    とも
    [noun] friend, companion, comrade, pal
    [noun] member of the same category
    Alternative spelling
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    (ゆう) (いう (iu)?

    1. a male given name

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC hjuwX).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (beot u))

    1. Hanja form? of (friend; companion).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: hữu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.