因

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See also: 囙
因 U+56E0, 因
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56E0
← 囟
[U+56DF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 囡 →
[U+56E1]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

因 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 田大 (WK), four-corner 60430, composition ⿴囗大)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 217, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4693
  • Dae Jaweon: page 444, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 711, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+56E0

Further reading[edit]

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 因
alternative forms 囙
𤇀

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 因
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (因) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
欭 *qrils
烟 *qiːn, *qin
胭 *qiːn
咽 *qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd
恩 *qɯːn
煾 *qɯːn
因 *qin
姻 *qin
茵 *qin
鞇 *qin
氤 *qin
洇 *qin
駰 *qin, *qrin
絪 *qin
裀 *qin

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 囗 (“sheet”) + 大 (“person”) – man on a mattress. Original form of 裀 (OC *qin, “mat; layered garment”) or 茵 (OC *qin, “mattress; cushion”).

Alternatively, possibly an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) of a man wearing clothing.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 因
Mandarin Beijing /in⁵⁵/
Harbin /in⁴⁴/
Tianjin /in²¹/
Jinan /iẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /iə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /in²⁴/
Xi'an /iẽ²¹/
Xining /iə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /iŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /in⁵⁵/
Chengdu /in⁵⁵/
Guiyang /in⁵⁵/
Kunming /ĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /in³¹/
Hefei /in²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /iŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /iŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /in⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔin³³/
Wenzhou /j̠aŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /in¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /in³³/
Xiangtan /in³³/
Gan Nanchang /in⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /in⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /in²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn⁵³/
Nanning /jɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /in⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /eiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /iŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /in²³/
Rime
Character 因
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於眞切
Baxter 'jin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔin/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/ĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 因
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔi[n]/
English rely on

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 因
Reading # 1/1
No. 15176
Phonetic
component 		因
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		因
Old
Chinese 		/*qin/
Notes 甲文象人臥於茵席，
爲茵初文

Definitions[edit]

因

  1. (literary) to follow (e.g. a tradition)
    因循守舊／因循守旧  ―  yīnxúnshǒujiù  ―  to adhere to tradition
  2. (literary) to take advantage; to make use of a situation
  3. (archaic) conveniently; in passing; expediently
  4. (archaic) thus; in such way; therefore; accordingly
  5. (archaic) through; via
  6. (obsolete) to multiply
  7. depending on; according to; based on; contingent upon
    因人而異／因人而异  ―  yīnrén'éryì  ―  to vary from one person to another
    因地制宜  ―  yīndìzhìyí  ―  to make plans according to local conditions
  8. (Cantonese) to estimate
    你因下啲時間，睇下要幾耐先到。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你因下啲时间，睇下要几耐先到。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 jan1 haa5 di1 si4 gaan3, tai2 haa5 jiu3 gei2 noi6 sin1 dou3. [Jyutping]
    Estimate the time to see how long it takes to arrive.
  9. reason; cause
    因果  ―  yīnguǒ  ―  cause and effect
    近因  ―  jìnyīn  ―  direct cause; immediate cause
  10. because; since
  11. due to; because of
    因此  ―  yīncǐ  ―  because of this; therefore; ergo
    因雨改期  ―  yīn yǔ gǎiqī  ―  to be rescheduled because of the rain

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (因):
  • → Japanese: 因(いん) (in)
  • → Korean: 인(因) (in)
  • → Vietnamese: nhân (因)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

因

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
因
いん
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 因 (MC 'jin).

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

因(いん) • (in) 

  1. cause, reason
  2. follow, be based on
  3. Short for 因幡国 (Inaba no kuni): Inaba Province
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Noun[edit]

因(いん) • (in) 

  1. cause; reason; factor
  2. (Buddhism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  3. (Indian logic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

因(いん) • (In) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
因
ちな(み)
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see the following entry: ちなみ

(The following entry is uncreated: ちなみ.)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
因
よし
Grade: 5
nanori
For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see the following entry.
【よし】
[noun] 由, 因, 縁: reason, significance
Alternative spellings
由, 縁
(This term, 因, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
因
よすが
Grade: 5
nanori
For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see the following entry.
【よすが】
[noun] something to rely on; a connection, affinity
[noun] someone to rely on; a relative
[noun] an opportunity, way, means
Alternative spellings
縁, 便
(This term, 因, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 因 (MC 'jin).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅙᅵᆫ (Yale: qìn)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 인ᄒᆞᆯ (Yale: in-hol) 인 (Yale: in)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

因 (eumhun 인할 인 (inhal in))

  1. Hanja form? of 인 (“cause”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

因: Hán Nôm readings: nhân, nhằn, dăn, nhăn, nhơn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang[edit]

Classifier[edit]

因

  1. Sawndip form of aen
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