培

培 U+57F9, 培 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57F9 ← 埸 [U+57F8] CJK Unified Ideographs 基 → [U+57FA]

Translingual

Han character

培 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土卜廿口 (GYTR), four-corner 4016₁, composition ⿰土咅)

Derived characters

• 𣼯, 𦟷, 𦹷, 𢊫

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 231, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5195
• Dae Jaweon: page 468, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 457, character 2
• Unihan data for U+57F9

Chinese

simp. and trad.		培

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蓓	*bɯːʔ, *bɯːʔ
倍	*bɯːʔ
菩	*bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ
掊	*bruː, *poːʔ, *bɯ, *bɯ
剖	*pʰoːʔ, *pʰoʔ
婄	*pʰɯʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː
踣	*pʰɯs, *bɯːɡ
箁	*bɯ
咅	*pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs
部	*boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ
培	*boːʔ, *bɯː
犃	*boːʔ
瓿	*boːʔ, *bɯ, *bo
殕	*pɯʔ, *pʰoʔ, *qɯːɡ
醅	*pʰɯ, *pʰɯː
棓	*bɯ, *broːŋʔ, *bɯː
涪	*bɯ
賠	*bɯː
陪	*bɯː
毰	*bɯː
焙	*bɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːʔ, *bɯː) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): péi (pei²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄟˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pei²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pui⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): poi³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phì

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pi²

• Eastern Min (BUC): buòi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pôe / pê

  (Teochew, Peng'im): buê⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶be

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: péi
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: péi
    • Wade–Giles: pʻei²
    • Yale: péi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: peir
    • Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeɪ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: pei²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pei
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: pui⁴
    • Yale: pùih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pui⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pui⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːi̯²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: poi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰᵘɔi²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phì
    • Hakka Romanization System: piˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pi²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰi¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pi²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰi¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: buòi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pui⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pôe
    • Tâi-lô: puê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poee
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pue²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /pue²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pue¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pê
    • Tâi-lô: pê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pee
    • IPA (Xiamen, Jinjiang): /pe²⁴/

Note:

• pôe - literary;
• pê - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: buê⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: puê
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pue⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶be
    • MiniDict: be^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³be
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /be²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bwoj

Rime
Character	培
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄回切
Baxter	bwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/buoi/
Shao Rongfen	/buɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwəj/
Li Rong	/buᴀi/
Wang Li	/buɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	péi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pui4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	培
Reading #	2/2
No.	9865
Phonetic component	咅
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	裴
Old Chinese	/*bɯː/

Definitions

培

1. (agriculture) to hill up; to earth up; to bank up
2. to cultivate; to educate; to foster
3. to bury
4. a surname

Synonyms

• (to hill up):

• 培土 (péitǔ)
• 培塗／培涂 (Hokkien)
• 培泥 (Zhao'an Hakka)
• 壅土 (yōngtǔ)
• 壅泥 (Taiwanese Hakka)

 

• (to cultivate): 哺育 (bǔyù), 培養／培养 (péiyǎng), 培育 (péiyù), 栽培 (zāipéi)

Compounds

• 坎培拉 (Kǎnpéilā)
• 培修 (péixiū)
• 培土 (péitǔ)
• 培土器
• 培基語言／培基语言
• 培壅
• 培敦
• 培根 (péigēn)
• 培格索斯
• 培根論／培根论
• 培植 (péizhí)
• 培石 (Péishí)
• 培育 (péiyù)
• 培補／培补 (péibǔ)
• 培訓／培训 (péixùn)
• 培風／培风
• 培養／培养 (péiyǎng)
• 培養土／培养土
• 培養基／培养基 (péiyǎngjī)
• 培養液／培养液 (péiyǎngyè)
• 培養皿／培养皿 (péiyǎngmǐn)
• 安培 (ānpéi)
• 安培定則／安培定则
• 安培小時／安培小时
• 安培計／安培计 (ānpéijì)
• 抑制栽培
• 接替栽培
• 栽培 (zāipéi)
• 栽培植物
• 水耕栽培 (shǔigēng zāipéi)
• 烘培機／烘培机 (hōngpéijī)
• 無土栽培／无土栽培
• 礫耕栽培／砾耕栽培
• 糊仔栽培
• 組織培養／组织培养 (zǔzhī péiyǎng)
• 胚培養法／胚培养法
• 鑿培／凿培
• 顏闔鑿培／颜阖凿培

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pǒu (pou³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pau²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pǒu
    • Wade–Giles: pʻou³
    • Yale: pǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poou
    • Palladius: поу (pou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰoʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: pau²
    • Yale: páu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: peo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐu̯³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: buwX

Rime
Character	培
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蒲口切
Baxter	buwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bəuX/
Pan Wuyun	/bəuX/
Shao Rongfen	/bəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəwX/
Li Rong	/buX/
Wang Li	/bəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bau6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*boːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	培
Reading #	1/2
No.	9848
Phonetic component	咅
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	部
Old Chinese	/*boːʔ/

Definitions

培

1. (archaic) small hill; barrow; grave

Compounds

• 培塿／培𪣻 (pǒulǒu)
• 壘培／垒培

 

References

• “培”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• (Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢

Japanese

Kanji

培

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. cultivate
2. foster

Readings

• Go-on: ばい (bai, Jōyō); ぶ (bu); べ (be)
• Kan-on: はい (hai); ほう (hō)
• Kun: つちかう (tsuchikau, 培う, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 培植
• 培養

Korean

Hanja

培 (eumhun 북을 돋울 배 (bugeul dodul bae))

1. Hanja form^? of 배 (“bank up with dirt, raise, cultivate”).

培 (eumhun 언덕 부 (eondeok bu))

1. Hanja form^? of 부 (“hill, mound”).

Vietnamese

Han character

培: Hán Nôm readings: bồi, bổi, bòi, bụi, vùi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.