塾

塾 U+587E, 塾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-587E ← 塽 [U+587D] CJK Unified Ideographs 塿 → [U+587F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

塾 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜戈土 (YIG), four-corner 0510₄, composition ⿱孰土)

1. village school
2. private tutorage

Derived characters

• 𨷙

Related characters

• 熟

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 237, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5402
• Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 481, character 10
• Unihan data for U+587E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		塾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 塾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (孰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
熟	*djɯwɢ
孰	*djɯwɢ
塾	*djɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 孰 (OC *djɯwɢ) + semantic 土 (“soil”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shú (shu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): suk⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sio̍k

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shú
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shú
    • Wade–Giles: shu²
    • Yale: shú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: suk⁶
    • Yale: suhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: sio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyuwk

Rime
Character	塾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	東 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	殊六切
Baxter	dzyuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑuwk̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiuk̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*djɯwɢ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	塾
Reading #	1/1
No.	11799
Phonetic component	孰
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	熟
Old Chinese	/*djɯwɢ/

Definitions

塾

1. old-style private school

Compounds

• 塾師／塾师 (shúshī)
• 塾掌
• 學塾／学塾
• 家塾
• 敝塾
• 村塾
• 私塾 (sīshú)
• 私塾先生
• 義塾／义塾
• 門塾／门塾

 

Japanese

Kanji

塾

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. cram school

Readings

• Go-on: じゅく (juku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
• Kun: もんべや (monbeya, 塾); まなびや (manabiya, 塾)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
塾
じゅく Grade: S
on’yomi

• (Tokyo) じゅ​く [júꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

塾(じゅく) • (juku) 

1. a cram school

   Synonym: 学習塾 (gakushū juku)

   • 2006 November 17, Seimaru Amagi with Sato, Fumiya, “獄(ごく)門(もん)塾(じゅく)殺(さつ)人(じん)事(じ)件(けん)１(いち)”, in 獄門塾殺人事件（上） [The Prison Gate Cram School Murder Case (First Book)] (金田一少年の事件簿) (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:

     ところで草(そう)太(た)君(くん)の通(かよ)ってるこの塾(じゅく)——ホント名(な)前(まえ)どおりのコワソーな塾(じゅく)ね！

     Tokoro de Sōta-kun no kayotteru kono juku—— honto namae dōri no kowasō na juku ne!

     By the way Sōta, this cram school you’re studying at, it seems as hellish as its name suggests!

     ああ！「極(ごく)問(もん)塾(じゅく)」だろ？ホントは学(がく)問(もん)を極(きわ)めるっていう意(い)味(み)の「極(ごく)問(もん)」らしいんだけど　あんまりスパルタなんでこっちの「獄(ごく)門(もん)」って陰(かげ)ではいわれてるんだ！

     Ā!“Gokumon-juku” daro? Honto wa gakumon o kiwameru tte iu imi no “Gokumon” rashii n da kedo anmari Suparuta na n de kotchi no “Gokumon”tte kage de wa iwareteru n da!

     Oh! You mean “Gokumon Cram School”? “Gokumon” actually means something like ‘studying a field deeply’, but people just go with “Gokumon” as in ‘prison gate’ because of its harsh conditions!

     やだ！コワイ！

     Ya da! Kowai!

     No way! That’s spooky!

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 塾 (MC dzyuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 슉〮 (syúk) (Yale: syuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

塾 (eumhun 글방 숙 (geulbang suk))

1. Hanja form^? of 숙 (“private school”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 서숙 (書塾, seosuk)
• 사숙 (私塾, sasuk)
• 숙당 (塾堂, sukdang)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

塾: Hán Nôm readings: thục

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