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U+592B, 夫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-592B

[U+592A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+592C]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 37, +1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 手人 (QO), four-corner 50030, composition or )

See also[edit]

  • (top simplified from 竝 and 兟)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 248, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5835
  • Dae Jaweon: page 507, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 521, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+592B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (man) + (hairpin) – a man with a hairpin in his hair.

In ancient times, when men reached the age of 20, they bound their hair with a hairpin during the Guan Li ceremony. The hairpin is the sign of “a grownup man”.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷa (male, father, third-person pronoun). Cognate with Tibetan ཕ། (pha, father), Burmese (bha., father). Possibly related to (OC *paʔ, *baʔ, “father”).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • hŭ - literary;
  • buŏ - vernacular.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • hu - literary;
    • po͘ - vernacular.
    Note:
    • hu1 - literary;
    • bou1 - vernacular.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (1)
    Final () (24)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter pju
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /pɨo/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /pio/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /pio/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /puə̆/
    Li
    Rong
    /pio/
    Wang
    Li
    /pĭu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /pi̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fu1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ pju ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*p(r)a/
    English man

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 3274
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*pa/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. male adult; man
    2. husband
        ―  qián  ―  ex-husband
        ―    ―  married couple
    3. manual worker
        ―  nóng  ―  peasant
        ―    ―  fisherman
    4. conscripted laborer
    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰuəᴬ

    Etymology 2[edit]

    “That”. Schuessler (2007) connects this with Proto-Loloish *m-ba (“on the other side”), Tibetan (pha, beyond, farther on, onward). Maybe related to (OC *pralʔ, “that”). Pulleyblank (1995) relates the introductory particle sense with (OC *bom).

    In the sense "is it not?", probably a contraction of (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') and (OC *ɢaː) (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 145).

    Pronunciation[edit]


    Note: hu7 - sentence-final..

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (3)
    Final () (24)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter bju
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /bɨo/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /bio/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /bio/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /buə̆/
    Li
    Rong
    /bio/
    Wang
    Li
    /bĭu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /bʱi̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fu4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/3 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ bju › ‹ bju ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[b]a/ /*ba/
    English this, that final particle

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 3281
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ba/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. A generic personal pronoun – he; she; it; they.
    2. A generic demonstrative pronoun – this; that; these; those.
    3. Sentence-initial particle which introduces a topic.
    4. Sentence-final particle, meaning “Is it not?”.
    5. Meaningless particle in the middle of a sentence.
    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
    (This character is the second-round simplified form of ).
    Notes:

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Short for 夫佬 (fu1 lou2).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (Cantonese, informal, card games) full house

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. man
    2. husband
    3. that, those

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    おっと
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    Shift from older unattested 男人 (wofito), synchronically analyzable as a compound of (wo → o, male, man) +‎ (fito → hito, person).[1][2][3]

    Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *wopitə, with many Ryukyuan cognates.

    First attested in roughly 1220.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (おっと) (ottoをつと (wotuto)?

    1. [from 1220] husband

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    つま
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling

    From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712.[6]

    Cognate with (tsuma, edge, side of something), from the sense of "person by one's side".[6][2]

    Generally spelled in reference to a husband and in reference to a wife.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (つま) (tsuma

    1. [from 712] spouse, consort
      Coordinate terms: (tsuma, wife), (otto, husband)
    Usage notes[edit]

    In modern usage, the term tsuma is usually reserved for the sense wife, and is therefore spelled in kanji, while husband is usually expressed using the term (otto).[5]

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 夫・良人・所天”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    2. 2.0 2.1 ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
    3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    6. 6.0 6.1 妻・夫”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC pju). Recorded as Middle Korean (pwu) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 사나이 (sanai bu))

    1. Hanja form? of (man; husband).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: phu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.