婿

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also:
婿 U+5A7F, 婿
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A7F

[U+5A7E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5A80]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

婿 (Kangxi radical 38, +9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女弓人月 (VNOB), four-corner 47427, composition )

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 266, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6470
  • Dae Jaweon: page 533, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1069, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5A7F

Chinese[edit]

trad. 婿
simp. # 婿
alternative forms

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sŋeːs): semantic + phonetic (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ).

Attested in Qin materials as ⿰士咠, which is of semantic + phonetic (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib); the phonetic part is later conflated into (Li, 2022).

Etymology[edit]

Reminiscent of Proto-South-Bahnaric *saːj (to marry; spouse) (Schuessler, 2007).

The Standard Mandarin pronunciation is due to rounding assimilation in the word 女婿 (nǚxu), which generalized to the character reading (Zhou, 1997).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • sái - vernacular;
  • sá̤ - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • sài - vernacular;
    • sè - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 婿
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕy⁵¹/
    Harbin /ɕy⁵³/
    Tianjin /ɕy⁵³/
    Jinan /ɕy²¹/
    Qingdao /sy⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /sy³¹²/
    Xi'an /ɕi⁰/
    Xining /ɕy⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ɕy¹³/
    Lanzhou /ɕy¹³/
    Ürümqi /ɕy⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕi³⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕi¹³/
    Guiyang /ɕi²¹³/
    Kunming /ɕi²¹²/
    Nanjing /sy⁴⁴/
    Hefei /sz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕy⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /sei¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕy⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕi³⁵/
    /ɕy³⁵/
    Suzhou /si⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɕi⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /sei⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /ɕy³²⁴/
    Tunxi /se⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /si²⁴/
    Xiangtan /si⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕy⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /se⁵³/
    Taoyuan /se⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐi³³/
    Nanning /ɬɐi³³/
    Hong Kong /sɐi³³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /se²¹/
    /sai²¹/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɑi²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /sai²¹³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /si³⁵/

    Rime
    Character 婿
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (16)
    Final () (39)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () IV
    Fanqie
    Baxter sejH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /seiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /seiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /sɛiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /sɛjH/
    Li
    Rong
    /seiH/
    Wang
    Li
    /sieiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /sieiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sai3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 婿
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ sejH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[s]ˁ[i][j]-s/
    English son-in-law

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 婿
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11766
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sŋeːs/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    婿

    1. son-in-law
    2. husband

    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    婿

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    婿
    むこ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings

    */moko/*⟨muko1 → */mukʷo/*⟨mo(1)ko1 → */mʷokʷo/[1]/muko/

    Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the ideographic spelling .[2]

    Although the reading muko is not confirmed in Old Japanese documents, the presence of cognate words suggests that this may be from Proto-Japonic *moko (cognate with Okinawan 婿 (mūku), Kunigami 婿 (mufu), Miyako 婿 (muku) and the moko below). This would be the a result of a phonological change, whereby non-final */o/ in Proto-Japonic nouns shifted to become /u/ in Central Old Japanese.

    In regard to the derivation, there are some theories proposed, however many of them are associated with the verbs 向かう (mukau, to go towards) and 迎える (mukaeru, to receive), both derived from 向く (muku, to turn toward), from Proto-Japonic *muk-, from the idea of "the facing party, the other person (of a pair)"; see also 向こう (mukō, the other side, the facing side). Theories to explain this inconsistency in the proto-forms have not been published yet.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    婿(むこ) (muko

    1. a husband who has entered his wife's house
    2. a son-in-law
      Synonyms: 女婿 (josei), 娘婿 (musumemuko)
    3. a groom, bridegroom (man who is about to get married)
      Synonyms: 新郎 (shinrō), 花婿 (hanamuko)
    Antonyms[edit]
    Derived terms[edit]

    Further reading[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    婿
    もこ
    Grade: S
    irregular
    Alternative spelling

    */moko/⟨mo(1)ko1 → */mʷokʷo//moko/

    From other Old Japanese dialects besides Central Old Japanese, with a conserved */o/ as ⟨o1.

    Possibly cognate or otherwise related with Old Japanese もこ (mo1ko1, companion, fellow).

    Noun[edit]

    婿(もこ) (moko

    1. (dialectal, Tōhoku, Northern Kantō, Niigata, Nagano, Chūgoku, etc.) Nonstandard form of むこ (muko) above

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    婿
    せい
    Grade: S
    kan’on
    Alternative spelling

    From Middle Chinese 婿 (MC sejH).

    Affix[edit]

    婿(せい) (sei

    1. groom
    2. son-in-law
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Frellesvig, B. & Whitman, J. (2008) "The Vowels of Proto-Japanese", Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co.
    2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    婿 (seo) (hangeul , revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    婿: Hán Nôm readings: tế

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.