寺

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
寺 U+5BFA, 寺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BFA
← 对
[U+5BF9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 寻 →
[U+5BFB]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes
Traditional 寺
Simplified 寺
Japanese 寺
Korean 寺

Han character[edit]

寺 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土木戈 (GDI), four-corner 40341, composition ⿱土寸(GJKV) or ⿱士寸(HT))

Alternative forms[edit]

  • Note that in Japanese, Korean and Simplified Chinese scripts, the top half of the character is 土 (instead of 士 as seen in Traditional Chinese), which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 293, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7414
  • Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 503, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5BFA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 寺
simp. # 寺

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 寺
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (寺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
等 *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ
待 *dɯːʔ
寺 *ljɯs
持 *l'ɯ
峙 *dɯʔ
痔 *dɯʔ
跱 *dɯʔ
歭 *dɯʔ
洔 *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ
畤 *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲 *dɯʔ, *djɯs
庤 *dɯʔ
時 *djɯ
鰣 *djɯ
塒 *djɯ
蒔 *djɯ, *djɯs
榯 *djɯ
恃 *djɯʔ
侍 *djɯs
詩 *hljɯ
邿 *hljɯ
特 *dɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯs) : phonetic 𡳿 (OC *tjɯ, “to go”) + semantic 又 (“hand”) – to grasp, to hold. Phonetic 𡳿 (之) became 土 or 士 in the clerical script from the late Western Han to the Eastern Han, and semantic 又 become 寸 in Small Seal Script. The derivative 持 (OC *l'ɯ) refers to the original word.

The character was often used in the place of a more specialized form. For example, in the Chu Silk Manuscript (see table above) it clearly stood for 時 (OC *djɯ, “season”).

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • sī - vernacular;
  • sū/sīr - literary.
Rime
Character 寺
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 祥吏切
Baxter ziH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/zɨH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/zɨH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/zieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zɨH/
Li
Rong 		/ziəH/
Wang
Li 		/zĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ziH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 寺
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ziH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-[d]əʔ-s/
English hall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 寺
Reading # 1/1
No. 12030
Phonetic
component 		寺
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		寺
Old
Chinese 		/*ljɯs/
Notes 說文之聲，文源雲象手持

Definitions[edit]

寺

  1. (historical) government court; office (before the Han dynasty)
    大理寺  ―  Dàlǐsì  ―  Court of Judicature and Revision
  2. (Buddhism) temple; monastery
    白馬寺／白马寺  ―  Báimǎsì  ―  White Horse Temple
    少林寺  ―  Shàolínsì  ―  Shaolin Monastery
    哲蚌寺  ―  Zhébàngsì  ―  Drepung Monastery
  3. place of worship; shrine
    清真寺  ―  qīngzhēnsì  ―  mosque
    仙鶴寺／仙鹤寺  ―  Xiānhèsì  ―  Crane Mosque
    西敏寺  ―  Xīmǐnsì  ―  Westminster Abbey
  4. (obsolete) Original form of 持 (chí, “to hold; to grasp”).
  5. a surname
Usage notes[edit]

Not used for places of worship of Taoism and Chinese folk religion.

Synonyms[edit]
  • (temple):

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (寺):
  • → Japanese: 寺(じ) (ji)
  • → Korean: 사(寺) (sa)

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

寺

  1. (obsolete) internal court official, especially a eunuch

Further reading[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

寺

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. (Buddhism) temple

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
寺
てら
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE,[1] and in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]

There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation.

Considering the phonetic development in Korean, the avenues for transmission of Buddhist terms to Japan, and the consistent temple sense of the Japanese term throughout recorded history, the now-obsolete Korean 뎔 (dyeol, “temple”) may be a more likely source than Pali thera (“elders”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

寺(てら) • (tera)  (counter 軒)

  1. (chiefly Buddhism) a temple

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
寺
じ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 寺 (MC ziH).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • The pitch accent depends on the suffixed term.

Suffix[edit]

寺(じ) • (-ji) 

  1. (chiefly Buddhism) a temple

References[edit]

  1. ^ “寺”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3822:
    , text here
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  7. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

寺 (eumhun 절 사 (jeol sa))

  1. Hanja form? of 사 (“temple”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

寺: Hán Nôm readings: tự, chùa

  1. Buddhist monastery
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=寺&oldid=78621293"