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See also: , , and 𫶧
U+5DDD, 川
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DDD

[U+5DDC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5DDE]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

(Kangxi radical 47, +0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 中中中 (LLL), four-corner 22000, composition 丿)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 323, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8673
  • Dae Jaweon: page 624, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 32, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5DDD

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – compare (OC *qʰʷljilʔ).

Etymology[edit]

The Middle and Old Chinese reconstruction of this word is phonologically problematic (STEDT):

Schuessler (2007) relates this word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (river; valley), whence (OC *kroːŋ, “river”), (OC *kloːɡ, “valley”), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung, river), Burmese ချောင်း (hkyaung:, stream). STEDT notes that this does not account for the *-n coda.

STEDT instead compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (water; fluid; liquid; river; soak; spit), whence (OC *tʰiːlʔ, “tears”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuj (water; fluid; liquid), Chepang तीः (water; rain; river); this depends on a reconstruction with a dental initial and requires positing an *‑n suffix not present in Tibeto-Burman languages.

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • chhoan - literary;
  • chhng/chhuiⁿ - vernacular (only used in 尻川).
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cuang1 / cuêng1 / ceng1
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuang / tshueng / tshṳng
    • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuaŋ³³/, /t͡sʰueŋ³³/, /t͡sʰɯŋ³³/
Note:
  • cuang1/cuêng1 - literary (cuêng1 - Chaozhou);
  • ceng1 - vernacular (only used in 尻川).
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (24)
    Final () (78)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter tsyhwen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡ɕʰʷiɛn/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡ɕʰjuæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /cʰwian/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡ɕʰiuɛn/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡ɕʰĭwɛn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡ɕʰi̯wɛn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    chuān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    cyun1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    chuān
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tsyhwen ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*t.l̥u[n]/ (MC -jwen is irregular)
    English stream, river

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 1628
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    穿
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʰjon/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. river; stream; brook
      流不息  ―  chuānliúbùxī  ―  to flow continuously
    2. Short for 四川 (Sìchuān, “Sichuan Province, China”).
        ―  chuāncài  ―  Sichuan cuisine
    3. plain
        ―  píngchuān  ―  plain
    4. road
    5. Synonym of (cuān, to boil food for a short time in boiled water)
    6. Alternative form of 穿 (chuān)
    7. (Internet slang) Short for 川普 (Chuānpǔ, “Donald Trump”).
        ―  tǐngchuān  ―  to support Donald Trump
        ―  chuānfěn  ―  Trumpster
    8. a surname

    See also[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. river

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    かわ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling

    From Old Japanese (kapa),[1] from Proto-Japonic *kapa.[2]

    First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[3]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (かわ) (kawaかは (kafa)?

    1. river, stream, brook

    Synonyms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke; Stephen Wright Horn; et al. (eds.) (2023), “Old Japanese kapa”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[1]
    2. ^ Stewart A. Curry. (2004) Small linguistics: phonological history and lexical loans in Nakijin dialect Okinawan. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11526
    3. ^ 川・河”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC tsyhwen).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄎᆑᆫ (Yale: chywèn)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] 내〯 (Yale: nǎy) (Yale: chyèn)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (nae cheon))

    1. Hanja form? of (river; stream). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: xuyên

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.