庸

庸 U+5EB8, 庸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EB8 ← 康 [U+5EB7] CJK Unified Ideographs 庹 → [U+5EB9]

Translingual

Han character

庸 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈中月 (ILB), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿸广𬎾)

Derived characters

• 傭 嘃 墉 嫞 慵 槦 滽 牅 牗 鄘 鏞(镛) 鱅(鳙) 鷛(𱊤) 㟾 㣑 㺎 䗤 䧡 𥡲 𦟛

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 347, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9378
• Dae Jaweon: page 658, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 890, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5EB8

Chinese

trad.		庸
simp. #		庸
2nd round simp.		⿸广用
alternative forms		𠆌 ancient 㐯 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
通	*l̥ʰoːŋ
俑	*l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
蓪	*l̥ʰoːŋ
桶	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
捅	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛	*l̥ʰoːŋs
筩	*l'oːŋ
誦	*ljoŋs
傭	*l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
慵	*ɦljoŋ
鱅	*ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
滽	*loŋ
墉	*loŋ
鏞	*loŋ
鄘	*loŋ
槦	*loŋ
銿	*loŋ
甬	*loŋʔ
勇	*loŋʔ
涌	*loŋʔ
踊	*loŋʔ
蛹	*loŋʔ
恿	*loŋʔ
慂	*loŋʔ
悀	*loŋʔ
埇	*loŋʔ
踴	*loŋʔ
庸	*loŋ
用	*loŋs
佣	*loŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated semantic 庚 + phonetic 用 (OC *loŋs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yōng, yóng (yong¹, yong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ, ㄩㄥˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jung⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yuung³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yûng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iông / iûⁿ / sông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iong⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yong
    • Wade–Giles: yung¹
    • Yale: yūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yóng
    • Wade–Giles: yung²
    • Yale: yúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jung⁴
    • Yale: yùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yuung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɵŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iông
    • Tâi-lô: iông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ioong
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Xiamen): /iɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iûⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: iûnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: viuu
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iũ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iũ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sông
    • Tâi-lô: sông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soong
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /sɔŋ²⁴/

Note:

• iông - literary;
• sông - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: iong⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iông
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶yon
    • MiniDict: yon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhion
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦioŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yowng

Rime
Character	庸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘封切
Baxter	yowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ/
Li Rong	/ioŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*loŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	庸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōng
Middle Chinese	‹ yowng ›
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
English	use; advantage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	庸
Reading #	1/1
No.	15459
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	容
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/

Definitions

庸

1. to use; to employ
2. to need

   毋庸置疑  ―  wúyōngzhìyí  ―  to not need to question

3. contribution; merit
4. ordinary; common; (by extension) mediocre; inferior
5. (literary, rhetorical question) how; how can it be that (used in rhetorical questions)

   Synonym: 豈／岂 (qǐ)

   • 子儀在位，十四年矣；而謀召君者，庸非貳乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子仪在位，十四年矣；而谋召君者，庸非贰乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Zǐyí zàiwèi, shísì nián yǐ; ér móu zhào jūn zhě, yōng fēi èr hū? [Pinyin]

     Ziyi held the earldom for fourteen years; those who took measures to call in your lordship, how did they not show a divided allegiance?

6. a surname

Synonyms

• (common): 平 (píng)
• (mediocre): 凡 (fán)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of "ordinary"): 偉／伟 (wěi) (extraordinary, great)

Compounds

• 丁庸
• 上庸 (Shàngyōng)
• 世庸
• 中庸 (zhōngyōng)
• 中庸之道 (zhōngyōng zhī dào)
• 代庸
• 何庸
• 保庸
• 六義附庸／六义附庸
• 凡庸 (fányōng)
• 功庸
• 勳庸／勋庸
• 勿庸
• 卑庸
• 反庸
• 取庸
• 嘉庸
• 外庸
• 大庸 (Dàyōng)
• 奏庸
• 奮庸／奋庸
• 妄庸
• 孱庸
• 家庸
• 宮庸／宫庸
• 密庸
• 居庸
• 居庸關／居庸关 (Jūyōngguān)
• 市庸
• 常庸
• 平庸 (píngyōng)
• 平庸之輩／平庸之辈
• 幽庸
• 庸下
• 庸中佼佼
• 庸中皦皦
• 庸主
• 庸人 (yōngrén)
• 庸人自擾／庸人自扰 (yōngrénzìrǎo)
• 庸伍
• 庸伐
• 庸何
• 庸作
• 庸俗 (yōngsú)
• 庸保
• 庸僕／庸仆
• 庸僦
• 庸儒
• 庸凡
• 庸功
• 庸劣
• 庸勳／庸勋
• 庸可
• 庸君
• 庸器
• 庸回
• 庸塞
• 庸夫
• 庸夫俗子
• 庸奴
• 庸妄
• 庸孰
• 庸安
• 庸客
• 庸岷
• 庸常
• 庸庸
• 庸庸碌碌 (yōngyōnglùlù)
• 庸廝／庸厮
• 庸弱
• 庸德
• 庸怯
• 庸怠
• 庸情
• 庸愚
• 庸愎
• 庸憒／庸愦
• 庸懦
• 庸才 (yōngcái)
• 庸昧
• 庸暗
• 庸末
• 庸朽
• 庸材
• 庸格
• 庸橫／庸横
• 庸次
• 庸民
• 庸沓
• 庸淺／庸浅
• 庸渠
• 庸熟
• 庸狗
• 庸狡
• 庸猥
• 庸瑣／庸琐
• 庸田
• 庸疏
• 庸眾／庸众
• 庸眾人／庸众人
• 庸短
• 庸碌 (yōnglù)
• 庸碌無能／庸碌无能
• 庸祗
• 庸租
• 庸素
• 庸績／庸绩
• 庸繆／庸缪
• 庸耳俗目
• 庸腐
• 庸臣
• 庸蔽
• 庸薄
• 庸藐
• 庸虛／庸虚
• 庸蜀
• 庸衆人／庸众人
• 庸行
• 庸言
• 庸言庸行
• 庸詎／庸讵 (yōngjù)
• 庸說／庸说
• 庸豎／庸竖
• 庸賃／庸赁
• 庸賤／庸贱
• 庸近
• 庸違／庸违
• 庸遴
• 庸遽
• 庸邪
• 庸鄙
• 庸醫／庸医 (yōngyī)
• 庸釋／庸释
• 庸鈍／庸钝
• 庸錢／庸钱
• 庸闇／庸暗
• 庸闒／庸阘
• 庸陋
• 庸隸／庸隶
• 庸韋／庸韦
• 庸音
• 庸駑／庸驽
• 庸騃／庸𫘤
• 庸鹵／庸卤
• 庸鼓
• 役庸
• 徒庸
• 徵庸／征庸
• 德庸
• 徽庸
• 恆庸／恒庸
• 愚庸
• 懋庸
• 懦庸
• 戰庸／战庸
• 旌庸
• 昏庸 (hūnyōng)
• 昭庸
• 暗庸
• 樗櫟庸材／樗栎庸材
• 殊庸
• 毋庸 (wúyōng)
• 毋庸置疑 (wúyōngzhìyí)
• 民庸
• 水庸
• 流庸
• 淺庸／浅庸
• 無庸／无庸 (wúyōng)
• 無庸置疑／无庸置疑 (wúyōngzhìyí)
• 無庸置辯／无庸置辩
• 無庸諱言／无庸讳言
• 無庸贅言／无庸赘言
• 疇庸／畴庸
• 疏庸
• 疲庸
• 登庸 (dēngyōng)
• 砭庸鍼俗／砭庸针俗
• 碌碌庸庸
• 碌碌庸才
• 碌碌庸流
• 祗庸
• 租庸
• 租庸調／租庸调
• 笙庸
• 紀庸／纪庸
• 考庸
• 腐庸
• 膚庸／肤庸
• 茂庸
• 著庸
• 虛庸／虚庸
• 蚩庸
• 衰庸闒懦／衰庸阘懦
• 衰庸闒茸／衰庸阘茸
• 謹庸／谨庸
• 譾庸／谫庸
• 豐庸／丰庸
• 貞庸／贞庸
• 貪庸／贪庸
• 賁庸／贲庸
• 買庸／买庸
• 賤庸／贱庸
• 賣庸／卖庸
• 贊庸／赞庸
• 贖庸／赎庸
• 軍庸／军庸
• 輕庸／轻庸
• 輸庸／输庸
• 酬庸
• 采庸
• 附庸 (fùyōng)
• 附庸國／附庸国 (fùyōngguó)
• 附庸風雅／附庸风雅
• 陋庸
• 靖言庸回
• 靖言庸違／靖言庸违
• 靖譖庸回／靖谮庸回
• 靜言庸違／静言庸违
• 顓庸／颛庸
• 顯庸／显庸
• 馬庸／马庸
• 駑庸／驽庸
• 騃庸／𫘤庸
• 驕庸／骄庸
• 高庸

 

Japanese

Kanji

庸

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. commonplace

Readings

• On (unclassified): よう (yō, Jōyō)
• Kun: なみ (nami); つね (tsune, 庸); もちいる (mochiiru, 庸いる)

Compounds

• 庸愚
• 庸君
• 庸言庸行
• 庸才
• 庸常
• 庸人
• 庸俗
• 庸夫
• 庸劣
• 中庸
• 登庸
• 凡庸

Kanji in this term
庸
よう Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) よ​ー [yóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

Affix

庸(よう) • (yō) 

1. ordinary; commonplace

Korean

Hanja

庸 (eum 용 (yong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

庸: Hán Nôm readings: dong, dông, dung, giông

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation