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U+6068, 恨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6068

[U+6067]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6069]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 61, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心日女 (PAV), four-corner 97032, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10588
  • Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2299, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6068

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡɯːns): semantic (heart; thought; emotion) + phonetic (OC *kɯːns).

Pronunciation[edit]



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /xən⁵¹/
Harbin /xən⁵³/
Tianjin /xən⁵³/
Jinan /xẽ²¹/
Qingdao /xə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xən³¹²/
Xi'an /xẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /xə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /xəŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /xə̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /xɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /xən³⁵/
Chengdu /xən¹³/
Guiyang /xen²¹³/
Kunming /xə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /xən⁴⁴/
Hefei /xən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xəŋ⁴⁵/ 仇~
/xəŋ⁵³/ ~人
Pingyao /xəŋ⁵³/
/xəŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /xə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦəŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦən³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦen¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦaŋ²²/
Hui Shexian /xʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /xɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /xən⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /hən⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /hɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /hen⁵³/
Taoyuan /hen⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐŋ²²/
Nanning /hɐn²²/
Hong Kong /hɐŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hun²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɔuŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xaiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hɯŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hun³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (53)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter honH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦənH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦənH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦənH/
Li
Rong
/ɣənH/
Wang
Li
/ɣənH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
han6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hèn
Middle
Chinese
‹ honH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[m-q]ˁə[n]-s/
English regret

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3938
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯːns/

Definitions[edit]

  1. to resent; to hate
      ―  hèn  ―  abominable
      ―  hèn sǐ nǐ le!  ―  I hate you to death!
  2. to regret; to pity
    不得  ―  hènbùdé  ―  to wish that one could ("to regret that one may not")
    鐵不成鋼铁不成钢  ―  hèntiěbùchénggāng  ―  to pity someone's lack of improvement
    1. (chiefly literary) to pine; to long for; to miss; to suffer from intense desire
  3. hatred; dislike
      ―  bàohèn  ―  to be bitterly regretful
    在心怀在心  ―  huáihènzàixīn  ―  to harbour hatred; to entertain hateful thoughts
  4. (Cantonese) to be eager for something

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (こん) (kon)
  • Korean: 한(恨) (han)
  • Vietnamese: hận ()

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to resent; to hate; be hostile to

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
はん
Grade: S
irregular

From Korean 한(恨) (han).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(ハン) (han

  1. han (resentment as a part of the Korean cultural identity)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC honH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅘᅳᆫ〮 (Yale: hhún)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 애ᄃᆞᆯ (Yale: aytol) ᄒᆞᆫ (Yale: hon)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 한탄할 (hantanhal han))

  1. Hanja form? of (deep-seated resentment). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of (to resent; to hate). [affix]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: hận, giận, hằn, hờn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.