息

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息 U+606F, 息
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606F
← 恮
[U+606E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恰 →
[U+6070]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character[edit]

息 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹山心 (HUP), four-corner 26330, composition ⿱自心)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10601
  • Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2291, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+606F

Bailang[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ ~ sik (“tree, wood”). Compare Burmese သစ် (sac, “wood, timber”).

Noun[edit]

息 (*sik)

  1. wood

References[edit]

  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎[1], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (息) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
息 *slɯɡ
熄 *slɯɡ
媳 *slɯɡ
鄎 *slɯɡ
瘜 *slɯɡ
蒠 *slɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 自 (“nose”) + 心 (“heart”) – to breathe (life) through one’s nose. Note that 自 originally meant “nose” and was later borrowed for “self”.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sak (“breath; life; to breathe”). Cognate with Jingpho sa' (“to breathe”), Burmese အသက် (a.sak).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation[edit]

simp. and trad.
 息

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • sek/siak - literary;
    • sit - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 息
Mandarin Beijing /ɕi⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕi²¹³/
Tianjin /ɕi²¹/
/ɕi⁵³/
Jinan /ɕi²¹³/
Qingdao /si⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /si²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕi²¹/
Xining /ɕji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /ɕi²¹/
Kunming /ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /siʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /siəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /sei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /siʔ²¹/
Tunxi /si⁵/
Xiang Changsha /si²⁴/
Xiangtan /si²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sit̚¹/
Taoyuan /sit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sek̚⁵/
Nanning /ɬek̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sik̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sik̚³²/
/sit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tek̚⁵/ 利～
Rime
Character 息
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 蒸 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 相即切
Baxter sik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sik̚/
Li
Rong 		/siək̚/
Wang
Li 		/sĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 息 息
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xī xī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sik › ‹ sik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*sək/ /*sək/
English breathe 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 息
Reading # 1/1
No. 13332
Phonetic
component 		息
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		息
Old
Chinese 		/*slɯɡ/
Notes 說文自亦聲

Definitions[edit]

息

  1. to breathe; to pant
  2. to sigh; to blow
  3. to stop; to subside; to cease
  4. to put a stop to; to stop
  5. to rest; to have a rest
  6. to grow; to develop
  7. to calm down; to appease
  8. breath; life
  9. one's own children
  10. interest; dividends
  11. message; news

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
 息
alternative forms 塞 Cantonese; Hakka
蝨／虱 Hakka

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 息
Mandarin Beijing
Harbin
Tianjin
Jinan
Qingdao
Zhengzhou
Xi'an
Xining
Yinchuan
Lanzhou
Ürümqi
Wuhan
Chengdu
Guiyang
Kunming
Nanjing
Hefei
Jin Taiyuan
Pingyao
Hohhot
Wu Shanghai
Suzhou
Hangzhou
Wenzhou
Hui Shexian
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha
Xiangtan
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /set̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐk̚⁵/
Nanning /ɬɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien)
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)
Jian'ou (Northern Min)
Shantou (Teochew)
Haikou (Hainanese) /tit̚⁵/ 曾孫

Definitions[edit]

息

  1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Zhongshan Min) great-grandchild (Classifier: 個／个 c)
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 曾孫 (“great-grandson; great-grandchild”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 曾孫, 曾孫子
Mandarin Beijing 曾孫兒
Taiwan 曾孫
Harbin 重孫子, 重孫兒
Yantai (Muping) 重孫子
Jinan 重孫, 重孫子
Luoyang 重孫子
Wanrong 重孫
Xi'an 重孫
Yinchuan 重孫子
Lanzhou 重孫, 男重孫 †
Xining 重孫子
Ürümqi 重孫子
Wuhan 重孫子, 重孫
Chengdu 灰灰兒
Guiyang 重孫孫, 重孫
Guilin 重孫子
Liuzhou 息子, 息, 重孫, 息崽 †
Xuzhou 重孫兒, 重孫, 曾孫兒, 曾孫, 四世孫兒, 四世孫
Yangzhou 重孫子
Nanjing 重重, 重孫 †
Nantong 重孫兒
Singapore 曾孫
Cantonese Guangzhou 息
Hong Kong 息
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 息
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 息
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 息
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 息
Macau 息
Guangzhou (Panyu) 息
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 息
Guangzhou (Conghua) 息
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 息
Foshan 息
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 息
Foshan (Shunde) 嘞
Foshan (Sanshui) 息
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 息
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 息
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 息
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 息
Zhuhai (Doumen) 息
Jiangmen (Baisha) 息
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 息
Taishan 息
Kaiping (Chikan) 息
Enping (Niujiang) 息
Heshan (Yayao) 息
Dongguan 息
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 息
Qingyuan 息, 息仔
Fogang 息
Yingde (Hanguang) 息仔
Yangshan 息
Lianshan (Butian) 息
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 息
Shaoguan 息
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 息
Renhua 息仔
Lechang 息仔
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 息仔
Sihui 息
Guangning 息
Deqing 息
Huaiji 息
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 息
Yunfu 息仔
Xinxing 息
Luoding 息
Yunan (Pingtai) 息
Xinyi 息
Lianjiang 息, 息仔
Nanning 息, 息仔
Wuzhou 息
Yulin 息
Hepu (Lianzhou) 曾孫
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 息
Singapore (Guangfu) 息
Gan Nanchang 曾孫子, 曾孫
Lichuan 曾孫崽, 曾孫
Pingxiang 曾孫
Hakka Meixian 息仔
Xingning 息哩
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 阿息
Huidong (Daling) 息仔
Dongguan (Qingxi) 息仔
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 息孫
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 息子
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 息哩
Wuhua (Huacheng) 息哩
Wuhua (Changbu) 息哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 息哩
Heyuan (Bendihua) 阿息
Wengyuan 息子
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 息子
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 息仔
Liannan 息子
Conghua (Lütian) 息
Jiexi 息
Luhe 息仔
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 重孫
Changting 息嫲哩
Wuping 息嫲子
Wuping (Yanqian) 息子
Wuping (Pingyu) 息子
Liancheng 息哩
Ninghua 息孫
Yudu 曾孫, 息孫
Ningdu 重孫
Ruijin 曾孫
Shicheng 玄孫
Tonggu (Sandu) 曾孫
Ganzhou (Panlong) 曾孫
Dayu 曾孫
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 息仔, 息嫲
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 息仔, 息嫲
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 息仔, 息嫲
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 息, 息嫲
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 息仔, 息嫲
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 曾孫, 玄孫
Hong Kong 息
Yangxi (Tangkou) 息
Yangchun (Sanjia) 息仔
Xinyi (Sihe) 息
Xinyi (Qianpai) 息
Gaozhou (Xindong) 倈
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 息
Huazhou (Xin'an) 息
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 息子
Lianjiang (Qingping) 孫息, 息子
Mengshan (Xihe) 息孫
Luchuan 曾孫
Luchuan (Daqiao) 重孫
Sabah (Longchuan) 息仔
Senai (Huiyang) 息
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 孫息
Singkawang 息孫
Huizhou Jixi 重孫
Jin Taiyuan 重孫子
Xinzhou 重孫
Northern Min Jian'ou 息仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 曾孫
Southern Min Xiamen 橄欖孫
Quanzhou 橄欖孫
Jinjiang 橄欖孫
Zhangzhou 橄欖孫
Taipei 橄欖孫
New Taipei (Sanxia) 橄欖孫
Kaohsiung 橄欖孫
Yilan 橄欖孫
Changhua (Lukang) 橄欖孫
Taichung 橄欖孫
Taichung (Wuqi) 橄欖孫
Tainan 橄欖孫
Taitung 橄欖孫
Hsinchu 橄欖孫
Kinmen 橄欖孫
Penghu (Magong) 橄欖孫
Penang (Hokkien) 橄欖孫
Manila (Hokkien) 橄欖孫
Pingnan (Shangdu) 息仔
Shantou 重孫
Bangkok (Teochew) 重孫
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 橄欖孫
Leizhou 息
Haikou 息, 妰𡝃息 †
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 息
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 孫息, 息仔, 重孫仔
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 重孫子
Wu Shanghai 曾孫, 玄孫
Shanghai (Chongming) 玄孫
Suzhou 玄孫
Danyang 重孫
Hangzhou 重孫
Ningbo 重孫
Wenzhou 玄孫
Jinhua 玄孫
Xiang Changsha 曾孫子
Loudi 曾孫
Quanzhou 重孫, 息崽
Note † - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see 熄 (“to extinguish; to go out; to turn off; to switch off”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 熄).
Notes:

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

息

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. breath
  2. live
  3. give birth
  4. nurture
  5. spread, multiply
  6. rest
  7. come to an end

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
息
いき
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see the following entry.
【いき】
[noun] breath
(This term, 息, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
息
むすこ
Grade: 3
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see the following entry.
【息子むすこ】
[noun] (humble) a son (male child)
[noun] (euphemistic, humorous) penis
(This term, 息, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 息 (MC sik). Recorded as Middle Korean 식〮 (sík) (Yale: sik) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

息 (eumhun 숨쉴 식 (sumswil sik))

  1. Hanja form? of 식 (“breath”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

息

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Japanese 息 (iki).

Noun[edit]

息(いーち) (īchi) 

  1. breath

Derived terms[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

息: Hán Nôm readings: tức

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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