損

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See also: 损
損 U+640D, 損
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-640D
← 搌
[U+640C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 搎 →
[U+640E]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

損 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 手口月金 (QRBC), four-corner 56086, composition ⿰扌員)

  1. diminish
  2. impair
  3. injure
  4. to damage
  5. 41st hexagram of the I Ching

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 446, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12459
  • Dae Jaweon: page 796, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1931, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+640D

Chinese[edit]

trad. 損
simp. 损
alternative forms 扻 ancient

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (員) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
員 *ɢon, *ɢun
圓 *ɢon
塤 *qʰon
損 *sqʰuːnʔ
縜 *ɢun
隕 *ɢunʔ
殞 *ɢunʔ
溳 *ɢunʔ, *ɢun
磒 *ɢunʔ
霣 *ɢunʔ
愪 *ɢunʔ, *ɢun
勛 *qʰun
鄖 *ɢun
篔 *ɢun
貟 *ɢun, *ɢuns
韻 *ɢʷɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰuːnʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun)

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sún - literary;
  • sńg/súiⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 損
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇本切
Baxter swonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/suənX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/suonX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/suənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/swənX/
Li
Rong 		/suənX/
Wang
Li 		/suənX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/suənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sǔn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		syun2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 損
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sǔn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ swonX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s-q]ʷˁə[n]ʔ/
English diminish, damage

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 損
Reading # 1/1
No. 16202
Phonetic
component 		員
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		損
Old
Chinese 		/*sqʰuːnʔ/

Definitions[edit]

損

  1. to reduce; to decrease; to cut; to diminish
    Antonym: 益 (yì)
  2. to harm; to cause destruction to; to damage
  3. to lose; to forfeit
    損失／损失  ―  sǔnshī  ―  to lose
  4. loss; decrease; reduction
  5. (colloquial) to make sarcastic remarks; to act meanly; to mock
  6. (colloquial, chiefly of remarks) acrimonious; caustic; biting; mean (Can we add an example for this sense?) (especially Min Nan)
  7. (Cantonese) to be injured, in the form of an abrasion

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to reduce):
  • (to harm):
  • (to lose):
  • (to make sarcastic remarks):
  • (acrimonious):
  • 刻薄 (kèbó)
  • 尖刻 (jiānkè) (chiefly of remarks)
  • 尖酸 (jiānsuān) (chiefly of remarks)
  • 苛刻 (kēkè) (demanding)

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

損

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. harm

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
損
そん
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 損 (MC swonX).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

損(そん) • (son) ←そん (son)?

  1. loss (opposite of gain)
    損(そん)を抱(かか)える
    son o kakaeru
    to sustain a loss

Antonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Affix[edit]

損(そん) • (son) 

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

損 (eum 손 (son))

  1. diminish
  2. impair
  3. injure

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

損: Hán Nôm readings: tốn, tổn, tủn, vin, tỏn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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