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U+6D41, 流
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D41

[U+6D40]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6D42]
U+F9CA, 流
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CA

[U+F9C9]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9CB]

U+FA97, 流
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA97

[U+FA96]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA98]
流 U+2F902, 流
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F902
海
[U+2F901]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 浩
[U+2F903]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Mainland China, Japan and Korea
Stroke order
Taiwan

Alternative forms[edit]

  • In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing character form), Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the upper right component 𠫓 is written (4 strokes) while the bottom right stroke is written with an ending hook which is the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.
  • In Taiwan and Hong Kong (based on Big5 character form), the upper right component 𠫓 is written (3 strokes) while the bottom right stroke is written without the ending hook.
  • Three CJK compatibility ideographs exist for this character:
    • U+F9CA corresponds to a duplicate character found in South Korea's KS X 1001 character set.
    • U+FA97 corresponds to an alternative form used in North Korea which is similar to the character used in Taiwan/Hong Kong.
    • U+2F902 corresponds to an alternative form used in Taiwan which is similar to the character used in mainland China/Japan/Korea but the bottom right stroke is written without the ending hook.

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 85, +7, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 水卜戈山 (EYIU), four-corner 34113, composition (GJKV or U+F9CA or U+2F902) or 𠫓丿(HT or U+FA97))

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 623, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1019, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1631, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6D41

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ru): semantic (water) + phonetic ().

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Tibetan རྒྱུ་ (rgyu, to move, to go, to wander) (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • lâu - vernacular;
  • liǔ - literary.
  • Eastern Min
  • Note:
    • làu - vernacular;
    • liù - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • lâu - vernacular;
    • liû - literary.
    Note:
    • lao5 - vernacular;
    • liu5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (37)
    Final () (136)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter ljuw
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /lɨu/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /liu/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /liəu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /luw/
    Li
    Rong
    /liu/
    Wang
    Li
    /lĭəu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /li̯ə̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    liú
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    lau4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    liú
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ljuw ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ru/
    English flow (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8335
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ru/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. to flow
        ―  liúhàn  ―  to sweat
        ―  liúlèi  ―  to cry; to let tears flow
        ―  liúxuè  ―  to bleed
    2. to drift; to wander
        ―  liúlián  ―  to linger; to be reluctant to leave
    3. class; grade
        ―  liú  ―  first class; top grade
    4. (of water, electricity, other fluids) current; flow; stream
        ―  liú  ―  airflow
        ―  diànliú  ―  electric current
    5. to spread; to scatter; to disseminate
      Synonyms: 留傳留传 (liúchuán), 散佈散布 (sànbù)
        ―  liúyán  ―  rumors; gossip
        ―  liúfāng  ―  to leave a good reputation
    6. (physics) Short for 流明 (liúmíng, “lumen”).
    7. (mathematics) flow
    8. (computing) stream
    9. (Cantonese, Hakka) of poor quality
      [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 je5 [Jyutping]  ―  poor-quality goods
    10. (Cantonese) fake; ingenuine
      Antonym: (gin1) (Cantonese)
      [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 liu6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  false information; fake news

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2][3]

    流󠄂
    +&#xE0102;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC ljuw).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (りゅう) (ryūりう (riu)?

    1. the flow of water or something like water
    2. art forms, methods, styles, and techniques peculiar to a person or house

    Affix[edit]

    (りゅう) (ryūりう (riu)?

    1. current, flow, stream, waterflow
    2. flowing, washing
    3. spread

    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “”, in 字通 (Jitsū)[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
    2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1273 (paper), page 687 (digital)
    3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927) 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 752 (paper), page 389 (digital)
    4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC ljuw). Recorded as Middle Korean (lyu) (Yale: lyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 흐를 (heureul ryu), South Korea 흐를 (heureul yu))

    1. Hanja form? of / (flow).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Việt readings: lưu[1][2][3]
    : Nôm readings: lưu[1][2]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]