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See also:
U+6F38, 漸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F38

[U+6F37]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6F39]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 85, +11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 水十十中 (EJJL), four-corner 32121, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 647, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18179
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1057, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1717, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6F38

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ʔsam, *zamʔ): semantic (water) + phonetic (OC *ʔsreːmʔ).

Etymology 1[edit]

Compare Khmer ជាំ (cŏəm, wet; soaked; steeped) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹/
Qingdao /t͡siã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sian³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sã⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sã²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕian¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕian¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sien⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ʑi²³/
Suzhou /ziɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ji²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰe²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /t͡siẽ⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡siẽ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰiam⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰiɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sim²²/
Nanning /t͡sim²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sim²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡siam²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sieŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡siŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡siam³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡siam³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (15)
Final () (153)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ziᴇmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ziɛmX/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zjæmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ziamX/
Li
Rong
/d͡ziɛmX/
Wang
Li
/d͡zĭɛmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱi̯ɛmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zim6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzjemX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]amʔ/
English gradually; advance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 16811
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*zamʔ/
Definitions[edit]

  1. Qiantang River
  2. to advance gradually
  3. gradual process
  4. (of an illness) to aggravate; to worsen
  5. to dredge; to open a path
  6. omen
  7. condition; prerequisite
  8. sequence; order
  9. gradually
  10. just when
  11. immediately; soon after
  12. when; until
  13. 53rd hexagram of the I Ching
  14. a surname
Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (13)
Final () (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡siᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡siɛm/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sjæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡siam/
Li
Rong
/t͡siɛm/
Wang
Li
/t͡sĭɛm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡si̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zim1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiān
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsjem ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ts]am/
English moisten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 16804
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsam/
Definitions[edit]

  1. to flow into
  2. to bedew
  3. to soak
  4. to moisten
  5. to influence
  6. to cheat
Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to go under water; to move under water; to hide; to conceal; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“precipitous; steep; jagged; towering; overlapping”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

(jeom, cham) (hangeul , , revised jeom, cham, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, ch'am, Yale cem, cham)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: tiệm, tràn, tiêm, tiềm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.