現

See also: 现

現	U+73FE, 現 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-73FE

← 珽
[U+73FD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

珿 →
[U+73FF]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Japan

References[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary: page 732, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21004
Dae Jaweon: page 1143, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1116, character 3
Unihan data for U+73FE

Chinese[edit]

trad.		現
simp.		现
alternative forms		見／见

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (見) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
涀	ɡeːlʔ, kʰeːns, *ɡeːns
莧	*ɡreːns
粯	*ɡreːns
晛	ŋl'eːns, ɡeːnʔ
筧	*keːnʔ
絸	*keːnʔ
垷	keːnʔ, ɡeːnʔ
挸	*keːnʔ
見	keːns, ɡeːns
俔	kʰeːns, ɡeːnʔ
蜆	kʰeːns, qʰeːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
硯	ŋɡeːn, ŋɡeːns
峴	*ɡeːnʔ
哯	*ɡeːnʔ
睍	*ɡeːnʔ
現	*ɡeːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːns) : semantic 玉 (“jewel”) + phonetic 見 (OC *keːns, *ɡeːns).

Etymology[edit]

Stativized form of the transitive verb 見 (OC *keːns, “to see”), formed by a nasal prefix and expressing the sense "to be visible; to appear" (Mei, 2012).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щүан (xüan, II) / щян (xi͡an, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yen⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): xien⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hien / hian

(Meixian, Guangdong): hian⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): xie³
Northern Min (KCR): hīng
Eastern Min (BUC): hiêng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hiān / hiàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): hing⁷ / hêng⁷ / hiang⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶yi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xienn⁵ / xienn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Yale: syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xian⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛn²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щүан (xüan, II) / щян (xi͡an, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyæ̃⁵¹/, /ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin⁶
  - Yale: yihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jen³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xien⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛn¹¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hien
  - Hakka Romanization System: hien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hian
  - Hakka Romanization System: hian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hian⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xie³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiɛŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiān
  - Tâi-lô: hiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hien
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɛn³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
  - Tâi-lô: hiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/

Note: hiàn - vernacular, probably substitute for 獻.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hing⁷ / hêng⁷ / hiang⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hīng / hēng / hiāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiŋ¹¹/, /heŋ¹¹/, /hiaŋ¹¹/

Note:

hing7 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
hêng7 - Jieyang;
hiang7 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶yi
  - MiniDict: yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: xienn⁵ / xienn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ẽ²¹/, /ɕi̯ẽ⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: henH

Rime
Character	現
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡甸切
Baxter	henH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦen^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦen^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛn^H/
Li Rong	/ɣen^H/
Wang Li	/ɣien^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣien^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-[k]ˤen-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	現
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hen^H ›
Old Chinese	/*N-[k]ˁen-s/
English	appear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	現
Reading #	1/1
No.	6207
Phonetic component	見
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	見
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːns/
Notes	俗同見

Definitions[edit]

現

present; current
to appear; to manifest; to become visible
now
- 現我只想與祢同去　終此世　居於祢愛裡 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  现我只想与祢同去　终此世　居于祢爱里 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 2020, 原始和聲 [Raw Harmony], lyrics by 李俊霆 [Matthew Li], 願盡我一生
  jin⁶ ngo⁵ zi² soeng² jyu⁵ nei⁵ tung⁴ heoi³, zung¹ ci² sai³, geoi¹ jyu¹ nei⁵ oi³ leoi⁵ [Jyutping]
  Now, I only want to go with You, dwelling in Your love this whole life
on the spot; then and there
現殺現賣／现杀现卖 ― xiàn shā xiàn mài ― slaughtered fresh and sold fresh

現學現賣／现学现卖 ― xiànxuéxiànmài ― immediately wielding new knowledge

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

現

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

present
existing

Readings[edit]

Go-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
Kan-on: けん (ken)
Kun: あらわす (arawasu, 現す, Jōyō); あらわれる (arawareru, 現れる, Jōyō); うつつ (utsutsu, 現つ)

Compounds[edit]

現(げん)代(だい) (gendai): the present day, modern times
現(げん)実(じつ) (genjitsu): reality
現(げん)金(きん) (genkin): cash
現(げん)在(ざい) (genzai): the present, now
現(げん)在(ざい)地(ち) (genzaichi): you are here

Pronunciation[edit]

Kanji in this term
現
うつ(つ) Grade: 5
kun’yomi

(Tokyo) うつつ [ùtsútsú] (Heiban – [0])
(Tokyo) うつつ [ùtsútsúꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨ̥ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Noun[edit]

現(うつつ) • (utsutsu)

reality or consciousness, as opposed to a dream state or unconsciousness
夢(ゆめ)と現(うつつ)の間(あいだ)
yume to utsutsu no aida
in between dreams and reality
- 2003 January 27, Mashiba, Shin, “第(だい)八(はち)夜(や)　合(アワセ)鏡(カガミ)（後(コウ)編(ヘン))”, in [夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん) ([夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん)), volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Square Enix, page 7:
  
  さあ　眠(ねむ)れしばし現(うつつ)にお別(わか)れだ
  Sā nemure shibashi utsutsu ni owakare da
  Well then, say goodbye to reality for the time being, and go to sleep

Derived terms[edit]

現(うつつ)を抜(ぬ)かす (utsutsu o nukasu)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 現 (MC henH).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 見/ᅘᅧᆫ〮 (Yale: hhyén) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Early Modern Korean 見/현 (Yale: hyen) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [çɘ(ː)n]
Phonetic hangul: [현(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

現

Wikisource

現 (eumhun 나타날 현 (natanal hyeon))

Hanja form^? of 현 (“appear”).
Hanja form^? of 현 (“current; present; existing”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

현대 (現代, hyeondae, “modern; Hyundai”)
출현 (出現, chulhyeon, “appear”)
구현 (具現, guhyeon, “realization”)
현실 (現實, hyeonsil, “reality”)
표현 (表現, pyohyeon, “description”)
현재 (現在, hyeonjae, “present”)
현금 (現金, hyeon'geum, “cash”)
현존 (現存, hyeonjon, “existing”)
현상 (現像, hyeonsang, “phenomenon”)