益

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益 U+76CA, 益
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76CA
← 盉
[U+76C9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 盋 →
[U+76CB]

益 U+FA17, 益
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA17
← 猪
[U+FA16] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 礼 →
[U+FA18]
益 U+FAA6, 益
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA6
← 瘟
[U+FAA5] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 盛 →
[U+FAA7]

Translingual[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Han character[edit]

益 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿金月廿 (TCBT), four-corner 80107, composition ⿳䒑八皿(GHTJV or U+FAA6) or ⿱⿳八一八皿(K or U+FA17))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 793, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22972
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1208, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2560, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+76CA

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 益
alternative forms 𠍳 ancient form

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 益
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (益) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
隘 *qreːɡs
賹 *qreːɡs
搤 *qreːɡs, *qreːɡ
縊 *qleːɡs, *qleɡs
螠 *qleɡs
謚 *ɢliɡs, *qleɡ
諡 *ɢliɡs
蠲 *kʷliːŋ
溢 *liɡ
鎰 *liɡ
齸 *lig, *qleg
貖 *qreːɡ
益 *qleɡ
嗌 *qleɡ
膉 *qleɡ
鷁 *ŋɡleːɡ
艗 *ŋɡleːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 水 (“water”) + 皿 (“vessel”). Original form of 溢 (OC *liɡ, “to overflow”). Upper component resembles 氺 (“water”) in a horizontal form.

Compare 易.

Etymology[edit]

Bodman (1980) relates it to Tibetan སྐྱེད (skyed, “growth; increase; profit; to generate”), སྐྱེ (skye, “to be born”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • iah - vernacular;
  • iak/ek - literary.
Rime
Character 益
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 清 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 伊昔切
Baxter 'jiek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 益
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjiek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*q[i]k/ (dialect: *-ik > *-ek)
English increase

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 益
Reading # 1/1
No. 15081
Phonetic
component 		益
Rime
group 		錫
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		益
Old
Chinese 		/*qleɡ/

Definitions[edit]

益

  1. (obsolete) Original form of 溢 (yì, “to overflow”).
  2. (literary) affluent; well-off
  3. to increase; to add; to cause gain
    Antonym: 損／损 (sǔn)
    延年益壽／延年益寿  ―  yánniányìshòu  ―  to prolong life
  4. profit; benefit; gain
    收益  ―  shōuyì  ―  profit
    開卷有益／开卷有益  ―  kāijuǎnyǒuyì  ―  reading is beneficial
  5. (literary) more; further; even more
    日益  ―  rìyì  ―  day by day; increasingly
  6. 42nd hexagram of the I Ching
  7. (Cantonese) to benefit; to advantage
    淨係益自己友 [Cantonese, trad.]
    净系益自己友 [Cantonese, simp.]
    zing6 hai6 jik1 zi6 gei2 jau5-2 [Jyutping]
    to only benefit people in one's own circle

Synonyms[edit]

  • (more):

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (益):
  • → Japanese: 益(えき) (eki); 益(やく) (yaku)
  • → Korean: 익(益) (ik)
  • → Vietnamese: ích (益)

Others:

  • → Thai: อีก (ìik, “again, (do something) more”)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 益
Kyūjitai
[1]
益
&#xFA17;
or
益+&#xFE00;?
益󠄁
益+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
益󠄃
益+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

益

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 益)

  1. benefit
  2. gain
  3. profit
  4. advantage

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
益
えき
Grade: 5
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 益 (MC 'jiek, “increase”). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

益(えき) • (eki) 

  1. benefit
  2. profit
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
益
やく
Grade: 5
goon

From Middle Chinese 益 (MC 'jiek, “increase”). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

益(やく) • (yaku) 

  1. benefit
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
益
ますます
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 益 – see the following entry.
【ますます】
[adverb] even more
Alternative spellings
益々, 増々, 増す増す
(This term, 益, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References[edit]

  1. ^ “益”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

益 (eumhun 더할 익 (deohal ik))

  1. Hanja form? of 익 (“gain; benefit”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

益: Hán Việt readings: ích (伊(y)昔(tích)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
益: Nôm readings: ích[1][2][4][6], ịch[3][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of ích (“benefit”).
  2. Nôm form of ịch (“thud”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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