穀

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See also: 谷, 殻, and 榖
穀 U+7A40, 穀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A40
← 稿
[U+7A3F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 穁 →
[U+7A41]

穀 U+FA54, 穀
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA54
← 禎
[U+FA53] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 突 →
[U+FA55]
穀 U+2F959, 穀
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F959
← 䄯
[U+2F958] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 穊 →
[U+2F95A]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 穀
Shinjitai 穀
Simplified 谷

Han character[edit]

穀 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10 in Chinese, 禾+9 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 土木竹弓水 (GDHNE), four-corner 47947, composition ⿰⿱⿳士冖一禾殳 (GHTK) or ⿰⿳士冖禾殳 (J))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25221
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2164, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7A40

Chinese[edit]

trad. 穀
simp. 谷*
alternative forms 糓
䅽
㯏

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (殻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
彀 *koːɡs
鷇 *kʰoːɡs
瞉 *kʰoːɡs
豰 *pɢroːɡ, *qʰoːɡ
瑴 *kroːɡ, *koːɡ
愨 *kʰroːɡ
殼 *kʰroːɡ
觳 *kʰroːɡ, *ɡoːɡ
嗀 *qʰroːɡ, *qʰoːɡ
穀 *kloːɡ
糓 *kloːɡ
轂 *kloːɡ
榖 *kloːɡ
瀔 *koːɡ
縠 *ɡloːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːɡ) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 𣪊 ().

Etymology[edit]

From Austroasiatic or an area word (Schuessler, 2007); compare:

STEDT compares this to provisional Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuk (“rice, grain (crop)”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kok - literary;
  • kak - vernacular.
Rime
Character 穀
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 東 (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古禄切
Baxter kuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/kuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/kuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		guk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 穀
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁok/
English grain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 穀
Reading # 1/1
No. 7423
Phonetic
component 		殻
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		穀
Old
Chinese 		/*kloːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

穀

  1. corn; grain; cereal
    五穀／五谷  ―  wǔgǔ  ―  Five Grains
  2. foxtail millet (Setaria italica, the plant or the unhulled grain)
  3. (obsolete) salary
  4. (obsolete) to rear; to bring up
  5. (obsolete) to live
  6. (regional) paddy; unhulled rice
  7. (regional) rice plant
  8. (obsolete) good; fine

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 稻穀 (“paddy; unhulled rice”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 稻穀
Mandarin Beijing 稻子
Shenyang 稻子
Yantai (Muping) 稻子
Jinan 稻子
Luoyang 稻子
Xi'an 稻子
Yinchuan 稻子
Lanzhou 稻子
Wuhan 穀
Chengdu 穀子
Guiyang 穀子
Kunming 穀子
Liuzhou 穀
Xuzhou 稻粒兒, 稻粒子
Yangzhou 稻子
Nanjing 稻子, 稻穀
Hefei 稻子
Malaysia 穀
Singapore 穀
Cantonese Guangzhou 穀
Hong Kong 穀
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 穀
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 穀
Macau 穀
Guangzhou (Panyu) 穀
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 穀
Guangzhou (Conghua) 穀
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 穀
Foshan 穀
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 穀
Foshan (Shunde) 穀
Foshan (Sanshui) 穀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 穀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 穀
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 穀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 穀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 穀
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 穀
Taishan 穀
Kaiping (Chikan) 穀
Enping (Niujiang) 穀
Heshan (Yayao) 穀
Dongguan 穀
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 穀
Shaoguan 穀
Yunfu 穀
Yangjiang 穀
Xinyi 穀
Lianjiang 穀
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 穀
Gan Nanchang 穀
Lichuan 穀
Pingxiang 穀
Jianning 穀
Taining 穀
Hakka Meixian 穀
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 穀
Dongguan (Qingxi) 穀
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 穀
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 穀
Conghua (Lütian) 穀
Changting 穀
Shanghang 穀
Yongding 穀
Liancheng 穀
Ninghua 穀
Qingliu 穀
Yudu 穀
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 穀
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 穀
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 穀
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 穀
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 穀
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 穀
Hong Kong 穀
Senai (Huiyang) 穀
Kuching (Hepo) 穀
Huizhou Jixi 穀
Shexian 穀
Tunxi 穀
Jin Taiyuan 稻子
Xinzhou 稻子
Northern Min Jian'ou 粟
Songxi 穀
Zhenghe 粟
Jianyang 粟
Wuyishan 粟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 粟
Changle 粟
Lianjiang 粟
Fuqing 粟
Pingtan 粟
Yongtai 粟
Minqing 粟
Gutian 粟
Pingnan 粟
Luoyuan 粟
Fu'an 粟
Ningde 粟
Xiapu 粟
Zherong 粟
Shouning 粟
Zhouning 粟
Fuding 粟
Southern Min Xiamen 粟, 粟仔
Xiamen (Tong'an) 粟
Quanzhou 粟, 粟仔
Jinjiang 粟
Nan'an 粟
Shishi 粟
Hui'an 粟
Anxi 粟
Yongchun 粟
Dehua 粟
Zhangzhou 粟, 粟仔
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 粟
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 粟
Hua'an 粟
Nanjing 粟
Pinghe 粟
Zhangpu 粟
Yunxiao 粟
Zhao'an 粟
Dongshan 粟
Kinmen 粟
Penang (Hokkien) 粟
Manila (Hokkien) 粟
Longyan 粟
Zhangping 粟
Datian 粟
Chaozhou 粟
Shantou 粟
Haifeng 粟
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 粟
Leizhou 粟
Haikou 粟
Puxian Min Putian 粟
Xianyou 粟
Central Min Yong'an 粟
Sanyuan 粟
Shaxian 粟
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 粟
Guangze 穀
Jiangle 粟
Mingxi 穀
Shunchang 粟
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 粟
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 穀
Wu Shanghai 穀, 稻穀
Shanghai (Chongming) 稻穀
Suzhou 穀
Danyang 稻, 稻穀
Hangzhou 穀子
Ningbo 穀
Wenzhou 穀
Jinhua 穀
Pucheng 穀
Xiang Changsha 穀子, 穀
Xiangtan 穀
Loudi 穀
Shuangfeng 穀
Dialectal synonyms of 穀子 (“foxtail millet (plant or unhulled grain)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 粟, 禾, 嘉穀, 稷
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 粟
Taxonomic name 粟
Mandarin Beijing 穀子
Harbin 穀子
Yantai (Muping) 穀
Jinan 穀子
Luoyang 穀子
Wanrong 穀
Xi'an 穀子
Yinchuan 穀子
Lanzhou 穀子
Xining 穀子
Wuhan 粟穀 grain
Chengdu 小米
Guiyang 小米
Xuzhou 穀子
Yangzhou 穀子
Nanjing 小米
Hefei 穀子
Cantonese Guangzhou 狗尾粟, 粟
Yangjiang 狗尾粟, 粟仔
Hakka Meixian 粟仔, 黃粟仔, 狗尾粟
Yudu 狗尾粟, 貓尾粟, 黃粟
Huizhou Jixi 粟 plant, 粟穀 grain
Jin Taiyuan 穀子, 穀
Xinzhou 穀
Northern Min Jian'ou 蘆粟, 狗尾粟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 秮, 犬尾秮
Southern Min Xiamen 黍仔
Chaozhou 秮
Jieyang 秮
Haikou 粟
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 粟禾
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 小米
Suzhou 粟
Danyang 小米
Wenzhou 粟米
Jinhua 粟兒 plant, 粟穀 grain
Dialectal synonyms of 稻子 (“rice (plant)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 稻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 稻子, 稻
Mandarin Beijing 稻子
Taiwan 稻子
Harbin 稻子
Yantai (Muping) 稻子
Jinan 稻子
Luoyang 稻子
Zhengzhou 稻
Xi'an 稻子
Yinchuan 稻子
Lanzhou 稻子
Xining 稻子
Ürümqi 稻子
Wuhan 稻穀, 穀
Chengdu 穀子
Kunming 稻子, 穀子
Guilin 穀子
Liuzhou 禾, 穀子
Xuzhou 稻子, 稻
Yangzhou 稻子, 稻
Nanjing 稻子
Hefei 稻
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 稻子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 稻子
Cantonese Guangzhou 禾
Hong Kong 禾
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 禾
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 禾
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 禾
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 禾
Macau 禾
Guangzhou (Panyu) 禾
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 禾
Guangzhou (Conghua) 禾
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 禾
Foshan 禾
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 禾
Foshan (Shunde) 禾
Foshan (Sanshui) 禾
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 穀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 禾
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 禾
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 禾
Zhuhai (Doumen) 禾
Jiangmen (Baisha) 禾
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 禾
Taishan 禾
Kaiping (Chikan) 禾
Enping (Niujiang) 禾
Heshan (Yayao) 穀
Dongguan 禾
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 禾
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 禾
Qingyuan 禾
Fogang 禾仔
Yingde (Hanguang) 禾仔
Yangshan 禾
Lianshan (Butian) 禾
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 禾
Shaoguan 禾
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 禾
Renhua 禾
Lechang 禾
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 禾
Sihui 禾仔
Guangning 禾
Deqing 禾
Huaiji 禾
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 禾
Yunfu 穀翁
Xinxing 禾
Luoding 禾
Yunan (Pingtai) 禾
Yangjiang 禾
Xinyi 禾
Maoming (Xinpo) 禾
Lianjiang 禾
Nanning 禾, 穀
Wuzhou 禾
Yulin 穀
Hepu (Lianzhou) 穀子, 禾
Hepu (Shatian) 禾
Guiping 穀
Mengshan (Xihe) 穀
Guigang (Nanjiang) 穀
Beiliu (Tangliao) 穀
Baise 穀
Bobai 禾
Lingshan 穀
Pubei 穀
Qinzhou 禾
Beihai 禾
Beihai (Nankang) 禾
Beihai (Yingpan) 禾
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 禾
Ningming 穀
Hengzhou 穀
Hezhou (Pumen) 穀
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 禾
Danzhou 禾
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 禾
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 禾
Móng Cái 禾
Gan Nanchang 禾
Lichuan 禾
Pingxiang 禾
Jianning 禾
Taining 禾
Hakka Meixian 禾
Xingning 禾
Dabu (Xihe) 禾
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 禾, 穀
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 穀
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 穀
Huiyang 禾
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 穀
Huidong (Daling) 禾
Dongguan (Qingxi) 禾
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 穀, 禾
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 穀, 禾
Boluo (Bendihua) 穀
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 禾
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 禾
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 禾
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 禾
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 禾
Wuhua (Huacheng) 禾
Wuhua (Changbu) 禾
Wuhua (Mianyang) 禾, 禾苗
Heyuan (Bendihua) 穀, 禾
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 穀
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 禾, 穀
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 穀
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 穀
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 穀
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 穀
Wengyuan 禾
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 禾
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 穀
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 穀
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 禾
Liannan 禾
Conghua (Lütian) 禾
Jiexi 禾
Luhe 禾
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 禾
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 禾
Changting 禾
Shanghang 禾
Yongding 禾
Wuping 禾
Wuping (Yanqian) 禾
Wuping (Pingyu) 禾
Liancheng 禾
Ninghua 禾
Qingliu 禾
Yudu 禾
Ningdu 禾
Ruijin 禾
Shicheng 禾
Shangyou (Shexi) 禾
Tonggu (Sandu) 禾
Ganzhou (Panlong) 禾
Dayu 禾
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 禾仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 禾仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 禾仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 禾
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 禾仔, 禾
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 禾
Hong Kong 禾
Yangxi (Tangkou) 禾
Yangchun (Sanjia) 禾
Xinyi (Sihe) 禾
Xinyi (Qianpai) 禾
Gaozhou (Xindong) 禾
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 禾
Huazhou (Xin'an) 禾
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 禾
Lianjiang (Qingping) 禾
Mengshan (Xihe) 禾
Luchuan 禾
Luchuan (Daqiao) 稻穀
Beiliu (Tang'an) 穀
Mashan (Pianlian) 穀
Sabah (Longchuan) 禾
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 禾
Senai (Huiyang) 禾
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 禾
Singkawang 禾
Huizhou Jixi 稻
Shexian 稻
Tunxi 稻
Xiuning 稻
Yixian 稻
Qimen 穀, 稻子
Wuyuan 禾
Jin Taiyuan 稻子
Pingyao 稻
Xinzhou 稻子
Hohhot 稻子
Northern Min Jian'ou 禾, 早仔
Jian'ou (Dikou) 禾
Songxi 穀
Zhenghe 粟
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 禾
Jianyang 早仔
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 禾
Wuyishan 早仔
Pucheng (Shibei) 禾
Eastern Min Fuzhou 粙
Changle 粙
Lianjiang 粙
Fuqing 粙
Pingtan 粙
Yongtai 粙
Minqing 粙
Gutian 粙
Pingnan 粙
Luoyuan 粙
Fu'an 粙
Ningde 粙
Xiapu 粙
Zherong 粙
Shouning 粙, 禾
Zhouning 粙
Fuding 粙
Youxi 禾
Youxi (Xiyang, Xibin) 禾
Youxi (Tiantang, Yangzhong) 禾
Youxi (Tangchuan) 粙
Youxi (Zhongxian) 禾
Matsu 粙
Southern Min Xiamen 粙仔, 粙
Xiamen (Tong'an) 粙仔
Quanzhou 粙, 粙仔
Jinjiang 粙仔
Nan'an 粙仔
Shishi 粙仔
Hui'an 粙仔
Anxi 粙仔
Yongchun 粙仔, 粙
Dehua 粙
Zhangzhou 粙仔, 粙
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 粙仔
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 粙仔
Hua'an 粙仔, 禾
Nanjing 粙仔
Pinghe 粙仔
Zhangpu 粙仔
Yunxiao 粙
Zhao'an 粙
Dongshan 粙
Taipei 粙仔
Kaohsiung 粙仔
Yilan 粙仔
Changhua (Lukang) 粙仔
Taichung 粙仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 粙仔
Tainan 粙仔
Taitung 粙仔
Hsinchu 粙仔
Kinmen 粙仔
Penghu (Magong) 粙
Singapore (Hokkien) 粙仔, 粙
Longyan 禾
Zhangping 禾
Zhangping (Yongfu) 禾
Datian 禾
Datian (Guangping) 禾
Youxi (Jiemian, Banmian) 粙
Youxi (Longyi, Xinyang) 禾
Chaozhou 粙
Shantou 粙
Shantou (Chenghai) 粙
Jieyang 粙
Haifeng 粙
Bangkok (Teochew) 粙
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 粙
Leizhou 粙
Wenchang 粙
Haikou 粙
Puxian Min Putian 粙
Xianyou 粙
Central Min Yong'an 禾
Sanyuan 禾
Shaxian 禾
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 禾
Guangze 禾
Jiangle 禾
Mingxi 禾
Shunchang 禾
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 粙
Sanxiang 粙
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 穀
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 穀子
Shehua Fu'an 禾
Fuding 禾
Luoyuan 禾
Sanming 禾
Shunchang 禾
Hua'an 禾
Guixi (Zhangping) 禾
Cangnan 禾
Jingning 禾
Lishui 禾
Longyou 禾
Chaozhou 禾
Fengshun 禾
Wu Shanghai 稻
Shanghai (Chongming) 稻
Suzhou 稻
Wuxi 稻
Danyang 稻
Hangzhou 稻, 稻子
Ningbo 稻
Wenzhou 稻
Pucheng 穀
Xiang Changsha 禾
Xiangtan 禾
Loudi 禾
Shuangfeng 禾
Quanzhou 禾, 穀子

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 穀
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
穀
&#xFA54;
or
穀+&#xFE00;?
穀󠄀
穀+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
穀󠄃
穀+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

穀

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 穀)

  1. grain

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ “穀”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1578 (paper), page 841 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 903 (paper), page 464 (digital)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 穀 (MC kuwk).

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

穀 (eumhun 곡식 곡 (goksik gok))
穀 (eumhun 어린아이 누 (eorinai nu))

  1. Hanja form? of 곡 (“grain”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

穀: Hán Nôm readings: cốc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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