積

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See also: 积
積 U+7A4D, 積
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A4D
← 穌
[U+7A4C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 穎 →
[U+7A4E]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

積 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹木手一金 (HDQMC), four-corner 25986, composition ⿰禾責)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 859, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25266
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1285, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2626, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+7A4D

Chinese[edit]

trad. 積
simp. 积
alternative forms 𥢼
𥡯
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 積 (Cantonese)
  • 積 (Written Standard Chinese?)

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
債 *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ
積 *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ
刺 *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ
莿 *sʰeːɡs, *raːds
刾 *sʰeɡs
朿 *sʰeɡs
漬 *zeɡs
耫 *zraːd, *zreːɡ
嘖 *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀 *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ
捒 *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘 *ʔsreːɡ
簀 *ʔsreːɡ
嫧 *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮 *ʔsreːɡ
責 *ʔsreːɡ
皟 *sʰreːɡ
憡 *sʰreːɡ
策 *sʰreːɡ
筴 *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb
拺 *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ
賾 *zreːɡ
鰿 *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ
擌 *sreːɡ
蹟 *ʔseɡ
襀 *ʔseɡ
磧 *sʰeɡ
洓 *sʰeɡ
績 *ʔseːɡ
勣 *ʔseːɡ
樍 *ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chek - literary (“to accumulate; to store up; to suffer from indigestion”);
  • chiak - literary (“to suffer from indigestion”);
  • chit - vernacular (“to accumulate; to store up; to suffer from indigestion”).
Note:
  • zêh4 - vernacular;
  • zêg4 - literary.
Rime
Character 積 積
Reading # 2/2 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (123) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 資昔切 子智切
Baxter tsjek tsjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇk̚/ /t͡siᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛk̚/ /t͡siɛH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siæk̚/ /t͡sjɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siajk̚/ /t͡siə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛk̚/ /t͡sieH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛk̚/ /t͡sǐeH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛk̚/ /t͡sie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ji zì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zik1 zi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 積
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ek/
English accumulate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 積 積
Reading # 2/2 1/2
No. 1774 1745
Phonetic
component 		朿 朿
Rime
group 		錫 賜
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		積 積
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔseɡ/ /*ʔseɡs/

Definitions[edit]

積

  1. to store up crops; to store cereal crops
  2. to accumulate; to amass; to store; to gather
  3. to hold in store; to store up (for future use); to be latent
  4. to stagnate; to become stagnant
  5. to add up; to sum up to
  6. accumulated goods
  7. (traditional Chinese medicine) indigestion
  8. (mathematics) product (in a multiplication)
  9. long-standing; long
  10. habitual; inveterate
  11. sixtieth (60th) tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "accumulation" (𝍁)
  12. (Cantonese, card games) jack; knave (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
  13. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 唧 (“jack; to jack”)
  14. (Hokkien) to suffer from indigestion (of children)
    食積／食积 [Hokkien]  ―  si̍t-chek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to suffer from indigestion
  15. (archaic) Alternative form of 漬／渍 (zì, “to soak”)
  16. (archaic) Alternative form of 績／绩 (jì, “achivement”)
  17. (archaic) Alternative form of 迹 (jì, “movement”)

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 鉤兒 (“jack (playing cards)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Mandarin Beijing 鉤兒
Luoyang 鉤, 十一
Zhengzhou 鉤, 十一
Xi'an 丁子
Ürümqi 丁鉤兒
Wuhan 鉤子, 鉤, 鉤鉤, 孫子
Guiyang 鉤鉤, 鉤, 夾鉤
Liuzhou 歐
Xuzhou 丁鉤兒, 甲鉤兒
Yangzhou 茄鉤, 傑鉤
Nanjing 丁鉤
Cantonese Guangzhou 積
Hong Kong 積
Taishan 積
Wuzhou 積
Yulin 鉤
Gan Nanchang 鉤
Lichuan 鉤子
Pingxiang 鉤子, 鉤
Hakka Yudu 鉤子
Huizhou Jixi 丁鉤
Jin Taiyuan 鉤子
Southern Min Xiamen 丁
Shantou 丁
Wu Shanghai 茄勾
Shanghai (Chongming) 斜鉤
Suzhou 茄杠

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

積

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. volume

Readings[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Kanji in this term
積
せき
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Noun[edit]

積(せき) • (seki) 

  1. (arithmetic) product

See also[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

積 • (jeok, ja) (hangeul 적, 자, revised jeok, ja, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, cha, Yale cek, ca)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

積: Hán Nôm readings: tích

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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