考

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See also: 攷
考 U+8003, 考
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8003
← 耂
[U+8002] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 耄 →
[U+8004]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 125 考

考 (Kangxi radical 125, 老+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十大卜尸 (JKYS), four-corner 44207, composition ⿱耂丂(GTV) or ⿱耂⿺㇉一(H) or ⿱耂⿺㇉丿(JK))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 960, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28843
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1408, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2779, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8003

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 考
alternative forms 丂 ancient
攷
𦒱

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 考
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (丂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丂 *kʰluːʔ
攷 *kʰluːʔ
考 *kʰluːʔ
烤 *kʰluːʔ
拷 *kʰluːʔ
栲 *kʰluːʔ
洘 *kʰluːʔ
銬 *kʰluːs
巧 *kʰruːʔ, *kʰruːs
朽 *qʰluʔ

Variant of 老 (OC *ruːʔ) – Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耂 (“an old man with long hair, bent over”) + 匕 (“a cane”) – an old man, leaning on a cane. Compare top component to 孝 (OC *qʰruːs).

Structurally related to 老 (OC *ruːʔ); the most commonly cited example of 轉注 (“reciprocal meaning”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 考
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦浩切
Baxter khawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰawX/
Li
Rong 		/kʰɑuX/
Wang
Li 		/kʰɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 考
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kǎo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khawX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k-r̥ˁuʔ/
English old; deceased father

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 考
Reading # 1/1
No. 7404
Phonetic
component 		丂
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		考
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰluːʔ/

Definitions[edit]

考

  1. to examine; to check
    考察  ―  kǎochá  ―  to examine
  2. to study; to investigate
    考慮／考虑  ―  kǎolǜ  ―  to consider
    思考  ―  sīkǎo  ―  to think
    考古  ―  kǎogǔ  ―  archaeology
    生卒年不可考  ―  shēng zú nián bùkě kǎo  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. to test; to assess
    你考倒我了。  ―  Nǐ kǎo dǎo wǒ le.  ―  You got me there.
    考考你的數學能力。 [MSC, trad.]
    考考你的数学能力。 [MSC, simp.]
    Kǎo kǎo nǐ de shùxué nénglì. [Pinyin]
    Testing your maths prowess.
  4. to have a test; to have an exam
    考滿分／考满分  ―  kǎo mǎnfēn  ―  to get full marks
    考車、考車牌 [Cantonese, trad.]
    考车、考车牌 [Cantonese, simp.]
    haau2 ce1, haau2 ce1 paai4 [Jyutping]
    to take a driver's license test
    我明天考數學。／我明天考数学。  ―  Wǒ míngtiān kǎo shùxué.  ―  I'm having my maths exam tomorrow.
  5. Short for 考試／考试 (kǎoshì, “exam; test”).
    高考  ―  gāokǎo  ―  gaokao
  6. (literary) long-lived; elderly
    福祿壽考／福禄寿考  ―  fúlù shòukǎo  ―  wealth, happiness and longevity
  7. (literary) deceased father; posthumous name for male relations
    先考  ―  xiānkǎo  ―  deceased father

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Guiqiong: kʰɐu (“to sit exams”)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

考

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. thought
  2. consideration

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 考 (MC khawX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (to think):
  • (to study; to test):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [고(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

考 (eumhun 생각할 고 (saenggakhal go))

  1. Hanja form? of 고 (“to think; to consider”).
  2. Hanja form? of 고 (“to study; to investigate”).
  3. Hanja form? of 고 (“to test; to assess”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

考: Hán Nôm readings: khảo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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