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U+80A9, 肩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80A9

[U+80A8]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+80AA]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Alternative forms[edit]

The form differs between traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and Japanese shinjitai, as depicted at right. These are represented by the same Unicode code point; see Han unification.

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 130, +4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸月 (HSB) or 戈尸月 (ISB), four-corner 30227, composition ⿸戶 or ⿸月 or ⿸月)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 975, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29299
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2052, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+80A9

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *k-xiːn¹ (arm), Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (arm) (whence Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn, arm)) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w/y)an (shoulder).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • keng/kaiⁿ/kuiⁿ/kan - vernacular;
  • kian - literary.
Note:
  • goin1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Huilai, Puning.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (85)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () IV
    Fanqie
    Baxter ken
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ken/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ken/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kɛn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kɛn/
    Li
    Rong
    /ken/
    Wang
    Li
    /kien/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kien/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    jiān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gin1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    jiān
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ken ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[k]ˁe[n]/
    English shoulder (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6023
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*keːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. shoulders
      麥子十里山路 [MSC, trad.]
      麦子十里山路 [MSC, simp.]
      From: Xi Jinping
      káng liǎng bǎi jīn màizǐ zǒu shílǐ shānlù bù huàn jiān [Pinyin]
      Shoulder 100kg of wheat and walk 5km of mountain trail without swapping shoulder.
    2. to shoulder; to undertake; to take on
    3. to bear

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (shoulders):
    • (to bear):

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai
    [1]

    肩󠄁
    +&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    肩󠄃
    +&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. shoulder

    Readings[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    かた
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
      on Japanese Wikipedia

    Noun[edit]

    (かた) (kata

    1. a shoulder
      • 2013 April 7 [2012 December 9], ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “(さん)(げき)() (さい)(がい)(そん)(ざい)”, in [ONEPUNCH-MAN](【ワンパンマン】), 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 53:
        (かた)(かた)に (かた)()ってる(やつ)(ころ)せ‼
        Kata! Kata ni Kata ni notteru yatsu o korose‼
        Shoulder! Your shoulder! Kill the bastard on your shoulder!!

    References[edit]

    1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
    2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
    3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC ken). Recorded as Middle Korean (kyen) (Yale: kyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 어깨 (eokkae gyeon))

    1. Hanja form? of (shoulder).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]