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See also:
U+80FD, 能
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80FD

[U+80FC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+80FE]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 130, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈月心心 (IBPP), four-corner 21211, composition 𫧇)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 981, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29454
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1433, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2074, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+80FD

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp. 𫧇
alternative forms
𦝕
𫧇

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形): bear. Compare (OC *ɢʷlɯm, “bear”).

Etymology[edit]

"bear-like animal"
Apparently an areal word of Austroasiatic origin (Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, 2019). Compare Kharia [script needed] (bɔnɔi), Santali [script needed] (bana, Indian black bear) & Lepcha ᰠᰶᰍ (să-na, bear), a loanword from Santali.
“be able to; can; ability”
Shijing rhymes point to Old Chinese *, but the forms with * are also archaic (perhaps ancient dialectal variation?).
Possibly Sino–Tibetan: compare Tibetan ནུས (nus, be able to; capable; to withstand; capacity; strength; force; power; function; energy), Burmese နိုင် (nuing, can, be able to, may; master; win; prevail). Schuessler (2007) also derives (OC *n̥ʰɯːs, “apparition, bearing, manner”) from this.
Compare the old pre-Sino–Vietnamese loanword nổi (be able to; capable).

Pronunciation 1[edit]



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /nəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /nəŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /nəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /nəŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /nəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /nəŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /nəŋ²⁴/
Xining /nə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /nəŋ⁴⁴/ 打~~
/nəŋ⁵³/ ~幹
Lanzhou /lə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /nɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən²¹³/
Chengdu /nən³¹/
Guiyang /nen²¹/
Kunming /nə̃³¹/
Nanjing /lən²⁴/
Hefei /lən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /nəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /nəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /nə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /nəŋ²³/
Suzhou /nən¹³/
Hangzhou /nen²¹³/
Wenzhou /naŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lən¹³/
Xiangtan /nən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /nen¹¹/
Taoyuan /nen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nɐŋ²¹/
Nanning /nɐŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /nɐŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /naiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /leŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /neŋ³¹/
/nɔŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/4
Initial () (8)
Final () (129)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter nong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nəŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/nəŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/nəŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nəŋ/
Li
Rong
/nəŋ/
Wang
Li
/nəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nəŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
néng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nang4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
néng néng néng
Middle
Chinese
‹ noj › ‹ nong › ‹ nong ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁə/ /*nˁə(ŋ)/ /*nˁə(ʔ)/ (~ *nˁəŋ)
English a kind of bear a kind of bear able; ability

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/4
No. 9415
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*nɯːŋ/

Definitions[edit]

  1. (obsolete) a kind of bear
  2. (Chinese mythology) A mythological bear-like animal, with deer-like legs.
  3. able; capable
  4. can; to be able to; to be capable of; to be allowed to
      ―  néng pǎo de hěn kuài.  ―  I can run fast.
      ―  Yǒu rén néng bāng wǒ ma?  ―  Is there anybody who can help me?
    漲潮這個海灘散步 [MSC, trad.]
    涨潮这个海滩散步 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhàngcháo shí nǐ bù néng zài zhège hǎitān sànbù. [Pinyin]
    You can't walk along this beach at high tide.
    公共場所吸煙 [MSC, trad.]
    公共场所吸烟 [MSC, simp.]
    Gōnggòngchǎngsuǒ bùnéng xīyān. [Pinyin]
    You’re not allowed to smoke in public.
  5. to successfully do something (negate with (méi))
    進入大學讀書父母關係 [MSC, trad.]
    进入大学读书父母关系 [MSC, simp.]
    néng jìnrù zhè suǒ dàxué dúshū, quán kào nǐ fùmǔ de guānxì. [Pinyin]
    You were able to study at this university all because of your parents.
    趕上末班車 [MSC, trad.]
    赶上末班车 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā méi néng gǎnshàng mòbānchē. [Pinyin]
    He didn't manage to catch the last train.
  6. (dialectal) cocky
      ―  Kàn bǎ nǐ néng de.  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  7. may; could
    [MSC, trad.]
    [MSC, simp.]
    Néngnéng qǐng nǐ bāng ge máng? [Pinyin]
    May I ask a favour of you?
    一遍一遍  ―  néng zài shuō yībiàn ma?  ―  Could you repeat that?
  8. rather; would rather
  9. ability; capability
      ―  néng  ―  capability, ability
      ―  néng  ―  incompetent
  10. talent; talented person
      ―  cáinéng  ―  talent, ability
  11. energy; power
    太陽太阳  ―  tàiyángnéng  ―  solar energy
      ―  shuǐnéng  ―  hydroelectric power
      ―  dòngnéng  ―  kinetic energy
  12. (Sujiahu Wu, Wenzhounese, Jinhua and Quzhou Wu) way; manner
    [Shanghainese]  ―  8geq-nen [Wugniu]  ―  like this (lit. in this way)
    好好 [Shanghainese]  ―  5hau-hau-nen-tseu [Wugniu]  ―  to walk properly
    慢慢 [Wenzhounese]  ―  ma6ma6nan5chiai7 [Wugniu]  ―  to eat slowly
  13. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]



Rime
Character
Reading # 4/4
Initial () (8)
Final () (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter nojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/nəiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nəjH/
Li
Rong
/nᴀiH/
Wang
Li
/nɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
nài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
noi6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/4
No. 9413
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*nɯːs/

Definitions[edit]

  1. Alternative form of (to bear; to withstand)
  2. a surname

Pronunciation 3[edit]


Definitions[edit]

  1. Alternative form of (name of a Chinese constellation)
      ―  sāntái  ―  Santai (Chinese constellation)

Pronunciation 4[edit]


Definitions[edit]

  1. Alternative form of (tài, bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position)

Pronunciation 5[edit]



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/4
Initial () (8)
Final () (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter noj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nʌi/
Pan
Wuyun
/nəi/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nəj/
Li
Rong
/nᴀi/
Wang
Li
/nɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
nái
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
noi4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
néng
Middle
Chinese
‹ noj ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁə/
English a kind of bear

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/4
No. 9411
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*nɯː/

Definitions[edit]

  1. (obsolete) mythical three-legged soft-shelled turtle

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 6[edit]


Definitions[edit]

  1. Only used in 能始 (tāishǐ, “origin; root cause”).

Pronunciation 7[edit]


Definitions[edit]

  1. Alternative form of (xióng, bear)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Noh stage at Itsukushima Shrine, Miyajima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

Kanji[edit]

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. ability
  2. talent
  3. skill
  4. capacity

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Noun[edit]

(のう) (

  1. Noh, a form of classical Japanese musical drama.
  2. Ability, capacity, aptitude.
  3. Effect, use.
    (ふる)()(ろん)()(かえ)しても(のう)はないのだよ。
    Furui giron o kurikaeshite mo wa nai no da yo.
    Repeating old arguments isn't of any use / won't have any effect.

Synonyms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC nong).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 능할 (neunghal neung))

  1. Hanja form? of (ability).

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Related to Middle Chinese (MC nojH).

Hanja[edit]

(eumhun 견딜 (gyeondil nae))

  1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of (Hanja form? of (endure; withstand).)

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC nong).

Phonogram[edit]

(no2)

  1. Denotes phonographic syllable no2.
    Synonym:

Further reading[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: năng, hay, nấng, năn, nằng, nưng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.