膝

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膝 U+819D, 膝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819D
← 膜
[U+819C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 膞 →
[U+819E]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

膝 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月木人水 (BDOE), four-corner 74232, composition ⿰⺼桼)

Coordinate terms[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 993, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29837
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1445, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2106, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+819D

Chinese[edit]

trad. 膝
simp. # 膝
2nd round simp. ⿰月夕
alternative forms 厀
䣛
𦡩
𦜔

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (桼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
漆 *sʰiɡ
桼 *sʰiɡ
膝 *siɡ
厀 *siɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siɡ) : semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) – the knee.

Originally 厀, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siɡ) : phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) + semantic 卩 (“kneeling person”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • Quanzhou and Taiwan:
    • sit - literary;
    • chhek/chhiak - vernacular.
Rime
Character 膝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 眞 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息七切
Baxter sit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sit̚/
Li
Rong 		/siĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/sĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 膝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-tsik/
English knee

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 膝
Reading # 1/1
No. 9928
Phonetic
component 		桼
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		悉
Old
Chinese 		/*siɡ/
Notes 同厀

Definitions[edit]

膝

  1. (anatomy) knee
    膝蓋／膝盖  ―  xīgài  ―  knee

Compounds[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 膝蓋 (“knee”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 膝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 膝蓋
Mandarin Beijing 波稜蓋兒, 胳稜瓣兒, 磕膝蓋兒
Taiwan 膝蓋
Tianjin 波稜蓋兒, 磕膝蓋兒, 脖拉蓋兒, 脖力蓋兒
Langfang 波了蓋兒
Tangshan 波稜蓋兒
Cangzhou 波拉蓋兒
Baoding 圪拉瓣兒
Shijiazhuang 膝蓋兒, 磕膝蓋兒
Daming 胳拉伴兒
Ulanhot 波浪蓋兒
Tongliao 波浪蓋兒
Chifeng 簸籮蓋
Bayanhot 波羅蓋
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 波浪蓋兒
Harbin 簸稜蓋兒, 簸勒蓋兒
Shenyang 波拉蓋兒
Yantai (Muping) 波稜蓋
Qingdao 波羅蓋兒
Jinan 波勒蓋, 波拉蓋, 胳拉瓣兒
Luoyang 不老蓋兒, 圪老拜兒
Wanrong 圪膝蓋, 膝子蓋
Zhengzhou 不牢蓋兒, 膝蓋
Xi'an 磕膝蓋
Yinchuan 波里蓋, 膝蓋
Lanzhou 波膝蓋子, 玻璃蓋子
Xining 波膝蓋
Ürümqi 波膝蓋兒
Wuhan 磕膝頭, 磕膝, 拱子
Huanggang 色頭兒
Chengdu 磕膝頭兒, 膝蓋
Guiyang 磕膝頭
Kunming 磕膝頭
Guilin 膝蓋
Liuzhou 波羅蓋, 腳膝蓋
Xuzhou 胳老拜子, 膝蓋
Yangzhou 磕膝頭子, 波羅蓋子 dated
Nanjing 磕膝頭, 磕膝頭兒, 胳蓋兒
Hefei 胳腦頭子, 胳腦頭, 磕膝頭
Nantong 膝頭盤兒
Changle (Qinjiang) 波羅蓋
Singapore 膝蓋
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 磕膝蓋, 普膝蓋子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 磕膝蓋, 磕膝蓋子, 洼膝羅子
Cantonese Guangzhou 膝頭哥, 膝頭
Hong Kong 膝頭哥, 膝頭
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 膝頭哥
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 膝頭蓋
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 膝頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 膝頭
Macau 膝頭
Guangzhou (Panyu) 膝頭哥
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 膝頭哥
Guangzhou (Conghua) 膝頭牯
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 膝頭
Foshan 膝頭哥
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 膝頭哥
Foshan (Shunde) 膝頭哥
Foshan (Sanshui) 膝頭哥
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Dongsheng) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Tanbei) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Henglan) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Nantou) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Fusha) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Shalang) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 膝頭跗
Zhongshan (Langwang) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 膝腳頭, 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Banfu) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 膝頭哥
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 膝頭哥
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 膝頭
Zhuhai (Doumen) 膝頭哥
Jiangmen (Baisha) 膝頭哥
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 膝頭哥
Taishan 膝頭哥, 膝頭
Kaiping (Chikan) 膝頭哥
Enping (Niujiang) 膝頭哥
Heshan (Yayao) 膝頭蓋
Dongguan 膝頭, 波羅蓋, 膝蓋
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 波羅蓋
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 膝頭
Qingyuan 膝頭哥
Fogang 膝頭哥
Yingde (Hanguang) 膝頭牯
Yangshan 膝頭牯
Lianshan (Butian) 膝頭牯
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 膝頭蓋
Shaoguan 膝頭哥
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 膝頭哥
Renhua 膝頭哥
Lechang 膝頭哥
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 膝頭哥
Sihui 膝頭哥
Guangning 膝頭哥
Deqing 膝頭牯, 膝頭哥
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 膝頭牯
Yunfu 膝頭牯
Xinxing 膝頭哥
Luoding 膝頭哥
Yunan (Pingtai) 膝頭牯
Yangjiang 膝頭
Xinyi 膝頭牯
Lianjiang 膝頭
Nanning 膝頭哥, 膝頭
Wuzhou 膝頭
Yulin 膝頭
Hepu (Lianzhou) 膝蓋
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 膝頭哥
Singapore (Guangfu) 膝頭哥
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 膝頭哥
Gan Nanchang 膝頭, 膝頭蓋子, 磕膝, 磕膝頭子, 和尚
Lichuan 膝頭公
Pingxiang 膝頭牯
Hakka Meixian 膝頭, 膝頭項
Xingning 膝頭
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 膝頭
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 膝頭
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 膝頭
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 膝頭
Huidong (Daling) 膝頭
Dongguan (Qingxi) 膝頭蓋
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 膝頭
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 膝頭, 膝頭牯
Boluo (Bendihua) 膝頭
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 膝頭
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 膝頭牯
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 膝頭, 波羅蓋
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 波羅蓋
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 膝頭
Wuhua (Huacheng) 膝頭
Wuhua (Changbu) 膝頭
Wuhua (Mianyang) 膝頭
Heyuan (Bendihua) 膝頭
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 膝頭
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 膝頭
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 膝頭
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 腳頭
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 膝頭
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 膝頭骨
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 膝頭牯
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 膝頭牯
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 膝頭牯
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 腳頭牯
Conghua (Lütian) 膝頭
Jiexi 膝頭
Changting 膝頭
Wuping 膝頭
Wuping (Pingyu) 膝頭
Liancheng 膝頭卵
Ninghua 膝頭拐, 膝頭腦
Yudu 膝頭
Ruijin 膝頭蓋子
Shicheng 膝頭
Shangyou (Shexi) 膝頭腦
Taoyuan 膝頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Hong Kong 膝頭
Luchuan 膝頭
Luchuan (Daqiao) 膝頭, 膝蓋
Sabah (Longchuan) 膝頭
Senai (Huiyang) 膝頭
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 膝頭
Singkawang 膝頭
Huizhou Jixi 腳膝頭
Shexian 腳膝頭
Tunxi 腳膝頭
Xiuning 腳膝頭
Yixian 腳膝頭
Qimen 腳膝頭
Wuyuan 腳膝頭
Jin Taiyuan 圪膝蓋, 圪地跪
Pingyao 胳膝跪子
Xinzhou 圪替跪, 圪膝蓋, 圪膝
Taibus (Baochang) 圪膝蓋
Linhe 波羅蓋, 波羅蓋子
Jining 圪膝蓋
Hohhot 圪膝蓋, 圪膝蓋兒, 圪膝
Baotou 圪膝蓋
Dongsheng 圪膝蓋
Zhangjiakou 胳膝蓋兒
Handan 胳老伴兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 跤腹頭
Jian'ou (Dikou) 跤腹頭
Songxi 跤腹頭
Zhenghe 跤腹頭
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 跤神頭, 跤腹頭
Jianyang 跤腹頭
Wuyishan 跤脊頭
Pucheng (Shibei) 跤腹頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 跤腹頭
Fuqing 跤肚頭, 跤腹頭
Gutian 跤腹頭
Ningde 跤骨頭
Zhouning 跤肚頭
Fuding 跤腹頭
Matsu 跤骨頭
Southern Min Xiamen 跤頭趺
Xiamen (Tong'an) 跤頭趺
Quanzhou 跤頭趺
Jinjiang 跤頭趺
Yongchun 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
Dehua 跤頭趺
Zhangzhou 跤頭趺, 跤尪仔
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 跤腕仔, 燈火仔
Dongshan 跤頭趺
Taipei 跤頭趺
New Taipei (Sanxia) 跤頭腕
Kaohsiung 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
Yilan 跤頭趺, 跤頭翁仔
Changhua (Lukang) 跤腕, 跤頭趺, 跤趺
Taichung 跤頭趺
Taichung (Wuqi) 跤頭趺
Tainan 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
Taitung 跤甕
Hsinchu 跤頭趺
Kinmen 跤頭趺
Penghu (Magong) 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
Penang (Hokkien) 跤頭趺
Singapore (Hokkien) 跤頭趺
Manila (Hokkien) 跤頭趺
Longyan 跤頭趺
Zhangping 跤趺腕
Zhangping (Yongfu) 跤趺
Datian 跤趺頭
Pingnan (Shangdu) 膝頭
Chaozhou 跤頭趺
Shantou 跤頭, 跤頭趺
Shantou (Chenghai) 跤頭
Shantou (Chaoyang) 跤頭
Jieyang 跤頭趺
Haifeng 跤頭趺
Bangkok (Teochew) 跤頭趺
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 跤頭趺
Singapore (Teochew) 跤頭趺
Leizhou 跤頭趺, 跤趺
Wenchang 跤趺
Haikou 跤趺臍, 跤趺
Qionghai 跤趺
Puxian Min Putian 跤肚頭
Xianyou 跤肚頭
Central Min Yong'an 跤頭節, 跤筒節, 跤際頭節, 跤仔頭
Sanyuan 跤脊頭
Shaxian 跤子頭
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 跤瀝頭
Sanxiang 跤頭趺, 跤即頭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 膝頭, 膝頭蓋, 膝頭尖
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 屈頭眼
Shehua Fu'an 腳腹頭
Fuding 腳腹頭
Luoyuan 腳腹頭
Sanming 腳腹頭
Hua'an 腳腹頭
Cangnan 腳腹頭
Fengshun 腳腹頭
Wu Shanghai 腳饅頭, 膝饅頭, 膝蓋
Shanghai (Chongming) 膝饅頭
Suzhou 腳饅頭, 膝饅頭
Wuxi 膝饅頭
Danyang 膝盤頭, 膝頭盤, 膝蓋, 膝蓋頭
Hangzhou 腳髁頭, 膝髁頭, 腳膝髁頭
Ningbo 腳髁頭
Wenzhou 腳胐頭
Jinhua 腳膝䯊
Jinhua (Tangxi) 膝蓋, 腳膝髁頭
Xiang Changsha 膝頭骨, 磕膝骨
Xiangtan 膝頭牯, 膝蓋
Loudi 膝頭牯
Shuangfeng 膝頭骨
Quanzhou 磕膝頭

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

膝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
膝
ひざ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pinsa.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

膝(ひざ) • (hiza) 

  1. knee
    膝(ひざ)を抱(かか)える
    hiza o kakaeru
    to hug one's knees

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 膝 (MC sit).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 시ᇙ〮 (Yale: sílq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 무룹 (Yale: mwùlwùp) 슬〮 (Yale: súl)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

膝 (eumhun 무릎 슬 (mureup seul))

  1. Hanja form? of 슬 (“knee”). [affix]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

膝: Hán Nôm readings: tất

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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