色

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See also: 巴
色 U+8272, 色
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8272
← 艱
[U+8271] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 艳 →
[U+8273]
⾊ U+2F8A, ⾊
KANGXI RADICAL COLOR
← ⾉
[U+2F89] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾋ →
[U+2F8B]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 139 色

色 (Kangxi radical 139, 色+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓日山 (NAU), four-corner 27717, composition ⿱⺈巴)

  1. Kangxi radical #139, ⾊.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №340

Derived characters[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1014, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30602
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1473, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3071, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8272

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 色
alternative forms 𢒸
𣤻
骰 “die”
㐌 erroneous
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 色 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • Sek (Southern Min)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 色
Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (色) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
色 *srɯɡ
赩 *qʰrɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“claw; hand”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – complexion.

Shuowen interprets this character as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person; human”) + 卩 (“etiquette”) – complexion.

Compare 印, 抑.

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak ~ *g-jak (“ashamed; shy”), whence Burmese ရှက် (hrak, “ashamed; shy”), Japhug tɤ-zraʁ (“shame”) (Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2015b).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) connects this word to Mizo sâr (“prismatic colours seen in the sky in fine weather; to be healthy-looking, ruddy”), which would point to a form *sər-k from which the Old Chinese was derived.

彩 (OC *s.r̥ˤəʔ, “colour”) may be a dialectal variant (Baxter, 1992; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sè - all senses except “die”;
  • shǎi - “die; colour”;
  • shǎir - “colour”;
  • shè - “lust”.
Note:
  • sah4 - vernacular;
  • seh4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 色
Mandarin Beijing /sɤ⁵¹/
/ʂai²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʂai²¹³/
/sai²¹³/
/sɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /sai¹³/
/sɤ⁵³/
Jinan /sə²¹³/
/ʂei²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂe⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʂɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /sei²¹/
Xining /sɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /sə¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂə¹³/
Ürümqi /sɤ⁵¹/
/sei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /se³¹/
Guiyang /sɛ²¹/
Kunming /sə³¹/
Nanjing /səʔ⁵/
Hefei /sɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /saʔ²/
Pingyao /sʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /saʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /səʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /se²¹³/
Hui Shexian /sɛʔ²¹/
Tunxi /sa⁵/
Xiang Changsha /sə²⁴/
Xiangtan /sæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /sɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /set̚¹/
Taoyuan /set̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sek̚⁵/
Nanning /sek̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /saiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /sɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tek̚⁵/
Rime
Character 色
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 蒸 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 所力切
Baxter srik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂik̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʃiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/ʃĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʂi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		she
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 色
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.rək/
English color; countenance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 色
Reading # 1/1
No. 10989
Phonetic
component 		色
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		色
Old
Chinese 		/*srɯɡ/

Definitions[edit]

色

  1. color; tint; hue; shade (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
    顏色／颜色  ―  yánsè  ―  color
    顏色兒／颜色儿  ―  yánshǎir  ―  color
    紅色／红色  ―  hóngsè  ―  red
    四色定理  ―  sì sè dìnglǐ  ―  four color theorem
  2. ⁜ look; expression
    臉色／脸色  ―  liǎnsè  ―  facial expression
  3. ⁜ scenery; circumstance
    景色  ―  jǐngsè  ―  scenery
    夜色  ―  yèsè  ―  night scenery
  4. kind; sort
    貨色／货色  ―  huòsè  ―  goods; stuff; trash; rubbish; quality of goods; specification
  5. feminine charm; beauty
    姿色  ―  zīsè  ―  good looks (of women)
  6. lust; sexual desire
    好色  ―  hàosè  ―  to lust for women
    色情  ―  sèqíng  ―  pornography; sexual desire
  7. (colloquial) perverted; being a pervert; lecherous
  8. theatrical role
    角色  ―  juésè  ―  role; part
  9. metallic content
    成色  ―  chéngsè  ―  purity (of a precious metal in an alloy)
  10. die (a cube with numbers or symbols on each side, used in games of chance) (Classifier: 粒 c)
    色子  ―  shǎizi  ―  die
  11. (Buddhism) rūpa (form; material element; form of existence; etc.)
    色即是空，空即是色。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Sè jí shì kōng, kōng jí shì sè. [Pinyin]
    Form is emptiness, emptiness is form.
  12. (transgender slang) Short for 色普龍／色普龙; cypro (cyproterone acetate)
  13. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

  • (color): 顏／颜 (yán)
  • (perverted):
Dialectal synonyms of 好色 (“lecherous; fond of women”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 好色
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 好色
Mandarin Taiwan 好色, 色
Harbin 花
Singapore 色
Cantonese Guangzhou 鹹濕, 生雞
Hong Kong 鹹濕, 淫
Taishan 鹹濕
Dongguan 鹹濕
Yangjiang 鹹濕
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 鹹濕 outside the family, 扒灰 within the family
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 鹹濕
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 鹹濕
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 鹹濕
Singapore (Guangfu) 鹹濕
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 鹹濕
Móng Cái 鹹濕 outside the family, 扒灰 within the family
Hakka Meixian 花, 好色, 鹹濕
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 鹹濕, 豺
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 痴哥
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 豬哥
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 痴哥
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 痴哥
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 痴哥
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 豬哥
Senai (Hepo) 鹹濕
Eastern Min Fuzhou 草鞋
Southern Min Xiamen 五枝鬚, 臭臊神, 豬哥神, 𪁎哥
Xiamen (Tong'an) 豬哥
Quanzhou 五枝鬚, 臭臊神, 豬哥神
Zhangzhou 五枝鬚, 臭臊神, 豬哥神, 𪁎哥, 𪁎, 貓神, 貓
Taipei 痴哥
Kaohsiung 不四鬼
Yilan 豬哥, 痴哥
Changhua (Lukang) 好色
Taichung 風流
Taichung (Wuqi) 好色
Tainan 𪁎哥
Taitung 豬哥
Hsinchu 豬哥形
Penghu (Magong) 𪁎哥
Singapore (Hokkien) 痴哥, 豬哥
Manila (Hokkien) 五枝鬚, 愛查某
Shantou 好色, 痴哥
Singapore (Teochew) 痴哥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 鹹濕
  • (die):
Dialectal synonyms of 骰子 (“die (used in games of chance)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 骰子
Mandarin Beijing 色子
Taiwan 色子
Harbin 色子
Yantai (Muping) 色子
Jinan 色子
Luoyang 色子, 色兒
Wanrong 色子
Xi'an 色子
Yinchuan 色子
Lanzhou 色子
Ürümqi 色子
Wuhan 色子
Chengdu 色子
Guiyang 色子
Liuzhou 色子
Yangzhou 猴子
Nanjing 猴兒, 猴子
Nantong 色兒
Singapore 骰子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 色子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 色子
Cantonese Guangzhou 色仔
Hong Kong 色仔, 色
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 色仔
Macau 色仔
Guangzhou (Panyu) 色仔
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 色仔
Guangzhou (Conghua) 色仔
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 色
Foshan 色仔
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 色仔
Foshan (Shunde) 色仔
Foshan (Sanshui) 色仔
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 色子
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 色仔
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 色仔
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 色仔
Zhuhai (Doumen) 色仔
Jiangmen (Baisha) 色仔
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 色仔
Taishan 色仔
Kaiping (Chikan) 色仔
Enping (Niujiang) 色仔
Heshan (Yayao) 色仔
Dongguan 色仔
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 色仔
Gan Nanchang 色子
Lichuan 色子
Pingxiang 色子
Hakka Meixian 骰仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 色仔
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 色仔
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 色仔
Conghua (Lütian) 色仔
Yudu 色子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 骰仔, 猴仔, 寶斗仁
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 骰仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 骰仔, 猴仔, 寶斗仁
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 十八啦
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 輾豆
Huizhou Jixi 寶子
Jin Taiyuan 色兒
Xinzhou 色兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 骰仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 骰
Southern Min Xiamen 骰仔, 豆仔
Quanzhou 骰仔, 豆仔
Zhangzhou 骰仔, 豆仔
Taipei 救十八
New Taipei (Sanxia) 膏十八仔
Kaohsiung 撚骰仔
Yilan 撚骰仔
Changhua (Lukang) 撚骰仔
Taichung 十八骰仔
Tainan 撚寶
Hsinchu 骰九
Kinmen 骰仔
Penghu (Magong) 骰仔
Manila (Hokkien) 骰仔
Jieyang 骰
Leizhou 骰
Haikou 色囝
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 色囝
Sanxiang 色囝
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 色子
Wu Shanghai 骰子
Shanghai (Chongming) 骰子
Suzhou 骰子
Danyang 骰子
Hangzhou 骰子
Ningbo 色子
Wenzhou 骰子
Xiang Changsha 色子
Loudi 骰子

See also[edit]

Colors in Chinese · 顏色／颜色 (layout · text)
     白色      灰色      黑色
             紅色／红色, 赤色; 緋紅色／绯红色, 豔紅色／艳红色, 大紅／大红              橙色; 棕色, 褐色              黃色／黄色; 奶油色
             青檸色／青柠色              綠色／绿色             
             青色; 深青色              湛藍色／湛蓝色, 蔚藍色／蔚蓝色, 天藍色／天蓝色              藍色／蓝色
             紫羅蘭色／紫罗兰色; 靛色              洋紅色／洋红色; 紫色              粉紅色／粉红色
  • (cypro): 補／补 (bǔ, “E”), 螺 (luó, “spiro”)

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (色):

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes

Kanji[edit]

色

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
いろ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

⟨iro2⟩ → */irə/ → /iro/

From Old Japanese.

First attested in the Nihon Shoki with the meaning of color.[1] Senses referring to a person's emotions also appear quite early on. The romance or sex senses appear from the 900s, apparently an influence from Chinese usage,[1] and roughly comparable to the euphemistic usage of English colorful.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

色(いろ) • (iro) 

  1. [from 720] color
    目(め)の色(いろ)が違(ちが)う猫(ねこ)
    me no iro ga chigau neko
    a cat that has eyes of different color
  2. [from 797] (figurative) the metaphorical color or mood
    1. one's facial coloring or expression
    2. the shape of one's face or appearance; more specifically, beautiful looks or a beautiful figure
    3. lively elegance, enjoyable or interesting charm
    4. apparent thoughtfulness, warmheartedness
    5. the feeling or mood of a thing
    6. the tenor or timber of a voice or sound
    7. in Noh, a section that is chanted at a medium pace; alternately, a decorative poetic section
    8. in 浄瑠璃 (jōruri, “puppet show narrative”), a lively section that is neither strictly dialog nor narration, but has many elements of dialog
    9. when playing the koto, pushing on a string with the fingers of the left hand to change the pitch of a note, or for vibrato
  3. [from early 900s] something related to romantic or sexual love, particularly between genders
    1. the emotions or circumstances of attraction between genders
    2. extramarital relations, an affair
    3. an extramarital lover
    4. a prostitute
    5. a red-light district
  4. [from late 900s] the type or kind of something
  5. (informal, slang) various specific kinds of color:
    1. (informal, slang, woman's speech) lipstick or rouge
    2. (informal, slang) soy sauce
    3. (informal, slang) paint
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Related terms[edit]
Related terms

Adjective[edit]

色(いろ) • (iro) -na (adnominal 色(いろ)な (iro na), adverbial 色(いろ)に (iro ni))

  1. [from late 900s] (archaic) of exceptional beauty of form or appearance
    • Utsubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
      いろなる娘(むすめ)どもゐなみて
      ironaru musume domo inamite
      beautiful girls all in a row
  2. [from late 900s] (archaic) knowledgeable about lovemaking, sensual; lascivious, lecherous
    • Ochikubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
      越前守(えちぜんもり)色(いろ)なる人(ひと)にて
      echizenmori ironaru hito ni te
      Echizenmori was a man who liked the girls / had quite the libido
  3. [from early 1000s] (archaic) elegant, tasteful, refined
    • The Tale of Genji, early 11th c.:
      目馴(めな)れずもある住(す)まひの様(さま)かな色(いろ)なる御心(おこころ)にはをかしくおぼしなさる
      menarezu mo aru sumahi no sama ka na ironaru okokoro ni wa okashiku oboshinasaru
      "I haven't seen it before, but it looks like a house," he thought bemusedly in his refined mind...

Affix[edit]

色(いろ) • (iro) 

  1. relating to a love affair or the red light district
  2. of that tone or timber or mood
  3. relating to type or kind
Usage notes[edit]

Only found in compounds.

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
いろえ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨iro2pe2⟩ → */irəpəj/ → /irofe/ → /iroe/

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical shimo nidan katsuyō verb 色う (irou, “to color something”).

Not used in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

色(いろえ) • (iroe) ←いろへ (irofe)?

  1. (obsolete) coloring, design

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
しき
Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.[4]

The Buddhist sense is translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

色(しき) • (shiki) 

  1. (Buddhism) material form, specifically the organized body as one of the five constituent elements or skandhas
    • 7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
      舍(しゃ)利(り)子(し)。色(しき)不(ふ)異(い)空(くう)。空(くう)不(ふ)異(い)色(しき)。色(しき)即(そく)是(ぜ)空(くう)。空(くう)即(そく)是(ぜ)色(しき)。受(じゅ)想(そう)行(ぎょう)識(しき)亦(やく)復(ぶ)如是(にょぜ)。
      Sharishi, shiki fu i kū, kū fu i shiki. Shiki soku ze kū, kū soku ze shiki. Ju-sō-gyō-shiki, yaku bu nyoze.
      Sariputra, form is not different from emptiness; emptiness is not different from form. That which is form is empty; that which is emptiness is form. This is also true for sensation, perception, intention, and awareness.[5]
  2. that which is visible of a thing, specifically form and color
  3. color
Usage notes[edit]

Used extensively in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
See also[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
しょく
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.[4]

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

色(しょく) • (shoku) 

  1. color (US), colour (everywhere else)
Usage notes[edit]

Used in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Counter[edit]

色(しょく) • (-shoku) 

  1. used to count the number of colors
    三(さん)色(しょく)刷(す)り
    sanshoku suri
    three-color printing
Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Colors in Japanese · 色(いろ) (iro) (layout · text)
     白(しろ) (shiro)      灰(はい)色(いろ) (haiiro),
鼠(ねずみ)色(いろ) (nezumiiro) (dated) 		     黒(くろ) (kuro)
             赤(あか) (aka); 深(しん)紅(く) (shinku),
クリムゾン (kurimuzon),
紅(べに)色(いろ) (beniiro),
紅(くれない)色(いろ) (kurenaiiro),
茜(あかね)色(いろ) (akaneiro) 		             オレンジ (orenji),
橙(だいだい)色(いろ) (daidaiiro); 茶(ちゃ)色(いろ) (chairo),
褐(かっ)色(しょく) (kasshoku) 		             黄(き)色(いろ) (kiiro); クリーム色(いろ) (kurīmuiro)
             黄(き)緑(みどり) (kimidori)              緑(みどり) (midori),
青(あお) (ao) (dated) 		             若緑(わかみどり) (wakamidori)
             シアン (shian); 鴨(かも)の羽色(はねいろ) (kamo no hane iro)              水(みず)色(いろ) (mizuiro)              青(あお) (ao)
             菫(すみれ)色(いろ) (sumireiro); 藍(あい)色(いろ) (aiiro),
インジゴ (injigo) 		             マゼンタ (mazenta),
赤紫(あかむらさき) (akamurasaki); 紫(むらさき) (murasaki) 		             ピンク (pinku),
桃(もも)色(いろ) (momoiro)

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “色”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kido Inoue, Doiku Takeda (2012) Reggie Pawle, Ph.D, editor, Record of Traces and Dreams: the Heart Sutra, iUniverse, →ISBN, page vi

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: sóyk)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 빗 (Yale: pis) ᄉᆡᆨ (Yale: soyk)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

色 (eumhun 빛 색 (bit saek))

  1. Hanja form? of 색 (“colour”). [noun]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

色: Hán Nôm readings: sắc, sặc

  1. color
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