覆

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 复 and 復
覆 U+8986, 覆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8986
← 覅
[U+8985] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覇 →
[U+8987]

覆 U+FAB7, 覆
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB7
← 襁
[U+FAB6] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 視 →
[U+FAB8]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

覆 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹人水 (MWHOE), four-corner 10247, composition ⿱覀復)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1129, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34789
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1598, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2808, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8986

Chinese[edit]

trad. 覆
simp. 覆/复*
2nd round simp. 覄
alternative forms 覄
覆 is simplified to 复 only in meanings of "to return/reply". In other meanings, 覆 keeps the same form.

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 覆
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愎 *brɯɡ
鍑 *puɡs, *puɡ
覆 *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復 *buɡs, *buɡ
椱 *buɡs, *buɡ
複 *buɡs, *puɡ
馥 *brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹 *puɡ
輹 *puɡ, *buɡ
蝮 *pʰuɡ
蕧 *pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复 *buɡ
鰒 *buɡ
澓 *buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ) : semantic 襾 + phonetic 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: fau6 - variant in 覆蓋／覆盖.
Note:
  • phak - vernacular (“to flip; to lie on one's stomach; to press close to”);
  • hok - literary.
Rime
Character 覆 覆 覆 覆
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
Initial (聲) 滂 (2) 並 (3) 滂 (2) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136) 東 (4) 登 (131)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division (等) III III III I
Fanqie 敷救切 扶富切 芳福切 匹北切
Baxter phjuwH bjuwH phjuwk phok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʰɨuH/ /bɨuH/ /pʰɨuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʰiuH/ /biuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pʰiəuH/ /biəuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pʰuwH/ /buwH/ /pʰuwk̚/ /pʰək̚/
Li
Rong 		/pʰiuH/ /biuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
Wang
Li 		/pʰĭəuH/ /bĭəuH/ /pʰĭuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pʰi̯ə̯uH/ /bʱi̯ə̯uH/ /pʰi̯uk̚/ /pʰək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fòu fòu fu po
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau3 fau6 fuk1 pak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 覆 覆
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ phjuwH › ‹ phjuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰ(r)uk-s/ /*pʰ(r)uk/
English cover turn over

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 覆 覆 覆 覆
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
No. 3536 3540 3541 3548
Phonetic
component 		复 复 复 复
Rime
group 		奧 奧 職 覺
Rime
subdivision 		1 1 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		副 復 覆 蝮
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰuɡs/ /*buɡs/ /*pʰɯːɡ/ /*pʰuɡ/

Definitions[edit]

覆

  1. to cover
  2. to tip over; to overturn; to flip over
    鼎覆過來。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    鼎覆过来。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Tiáⁿ phak kè-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The wok flipped over.
  3. (obsolete) to pour out
  4. to return (simplifies to 复)
  5. to reply (simplifies to 复)
    你覆咗佢封email未？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    nei5 fuk1 zo2 keoi5 fung1 email mei6? [Jyutping]
    Have you replied to his email yet?
  6. to destroy; to overturn; to perish
    覆滅／覆灭  ―  fùmiè  ―  to perish
  7. again
    alt. forms: 複／复 (fù)
  8. (Hokkien) to lie on one's stomach; to rest one's body on a surface
  9. (Mainland China Hokkien) to press close to; to nestle up against

Usage notes[edit]

覆 was always simplified to 复 in 1964-1986, but now it still simplifies to 复 only in the meaning of "to return/reply". So words like 答覆, 反覆 and 回覆 still simplify to 答复, 反复 and 回复 in Simplified Chinese respectively. But in other meanings, 覆 no longer simplifies to 复, e.g. 翻覆, 覆蓋, 顛覆, 傾覆, 覆轍.

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to lie on one's stomach): 趴 (pā)
  • (to press close to):

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 覆
Kyūjitai
[1]
覆󠄁
覆+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
覆󠄄
覆+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

覆

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. capsize, cover, shade, mantle, be ruined

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC phjuwk); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC phjuwH); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC bjuwH); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

From native Japanese roots:

References[edit]

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1939 (paper), page 1021 (digital)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

覆 (eumhun 다시 복 (dasi bok))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“again”).

覆 (eumhun 덮을 부 (deopeul bu))

  1. Hanja form? of 부 (“cover”).
  2. Hanja form? of 부 (“tip over”).
  3. Hanja form? of 부 (“return”).
  4. Hanja form? of 부 (“reply”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

覆: Hán Nôm readings: phú, phủ, phúc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=覆&oldid=78674413"