認

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See also: 认
認 U+8A8D, 認
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A8D
← 誌
[U+8A8C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 誎 →
[U+8A8E]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 認
Simplified 认
Japanese 認
Korean 認

Han character[edit]

認 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口尸戈心 (YRSIP), four-corner 07632, composition ⿰訁忍)

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1161, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35502
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1626, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3980, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+8A8D

Chinese[edit]

trad. 認
simp. 认

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涊 *nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉 *nɯn
忍 *njɯnʔ
荵 *njɯnʔ
刃 *njɯns
認 *njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞 *njɯns
軔 *njɯns
韌 *njɯns
肕 *njɯns
牣 *njɯns
杒 *njɯns
訒 *njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯns, *njɯŋs) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 忍 (OC *njɯnʔ).

Etymology[edit]

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njan (“to hear; to listen”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཉན (nyan, “to listen”), Mizo en (“to look; to look at”). Schuessler (2007) suggests another cognate Jingpho non⁵⁵ (“to think; to consider”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: jing6 - common, jan6 - rare.
Rime
Character 認 認
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 日 (38) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 眞 (43) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 而振切 而證切
Baxter nyinH nyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪnH/ /ȵɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵinH/ /ȵɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjenH/ /ȵʑieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵinH/ /ȵiŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiĕnH/ /ȵiəŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕnH/ /ȵʑĭəŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯ĕnH/ /ȵʑi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rèn rèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan6 jing6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 認
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rèn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyinH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nə[n]-s/
English know

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 認 認
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 10832 10840
Phonetic
component 		刃 刃
Rime
group 		文 蒸
Rime
subdivision 		1 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		刃 認
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯns/ /*njɯŋs/

Definitions[edit]

認

  1. to recognize; to know; to understand; to acknowledge
  2. to accept; to agree
  3. to admit (defeat); to resign (oneself to something)
  4. to treat as; to consider as
  5. to adopt; to take on
  6. to undertake (to do something)

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to recognize):

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 認
Kyūjitai
[1]
認󠄁
認+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
認󠄃
認+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

認

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. recognize, appreciate

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese 認 (MC nyinH):

From Middle Chinese 認 (MC nyingH):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

認(みとむ) • (Mitomu) 

  1. a male given name

References[edit]

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1971 (paper), page 1037 (digital)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

認 (eumhun 알 인 (al in))

  1. Hanja form? of 인 (“know”).
  2. Hanja form? of 인 (“recognition”).
  3. Hanja form? of 인 (“authorization”).
  4. Hanja form? of 인 (“approval”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

認: Hán Nôm readings: nhận

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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