貨

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 货, 賃, and 貸
貨 U+8CA8, 貨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA8
← 貧
[U+8CA7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 販 →
[U+8CA9]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

貨 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人心月山金 (OPBUC), four-corner 24806, composition ⿱化貝)

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36678
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3627, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8CA8

Chinese[edit]

trad. 貨
simp. 货

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 貨
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訛 *ŋʷaːl
吪 *ŋʷaːl
鈋 *ŋʷaːl
囮 *lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤 *ŋʷaːl
靴 *hʷa
貨 *hŋʷaːls
花 *hʷraː
化 *hŋʷraːls
杹 *hŋʷraːls
匕 *pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋʷaːls) : phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls) + semantic 貝 (“shell, money”) – valuable goods.

Etymology[edit]

Related to 訛 (OC *ŋʷaːl, “to change”), 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to transform”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hè/hèr/hòe - vernacular;
  • hò/hòⁿ - literary.
Rime
Character 貨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 呼臥切
Baxter xwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/huɑH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/huɑH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hwaH/
Li
Rong 		/xuɑH/
Wang
Li 		/xuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fo3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 貨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xwaH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʷʰˁaj-s/
English (movable) property, goods

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 貨
Reading # 1/1
No. 5325
Phonetic
component 		化
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		貨
Old
Chinese 		/*hŋʷaːls/

Definitions[edit]

貨

  1. (literary) money and goods; property
    殺人越貨／杀人越货  ―  shārényuèhuò  ―  to kill people for their property
  2. goods; commodities; products
    現貨／现货  ―  xiànhuò  ―  merchandise in stock
    百貨／百货  ―  bǎihuò  ―  general merchandise
    退貨／退货  ―  tuìhuò  ―  to return goods or merchandise
    今日會有批貨送到嚟。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    今日会有批货送到嚟。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    gam1 jat6 wui5 jau5 pai1 fo3 sung3 dou3 lai4. [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. currency
    通貨／通货  ―  tōnghuò  ―  currency
  4. (derogatory) used to refer to a person
    吃貨／吃货  ―  chīhuò  ―  one who eats all day and does nothing
    蠢貨／蠢货  ―  chǔnhuò  ―  idiot
  5. (Southern Min) thing; stuff
  6. (obsolete) to bribe
  7. (obsolete) to buy; to purchase
  8. (obsolete) to sell
  9. a surname

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

貨

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
貨
か
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 貨 (MC xwaH).

Affix[edit]

貨(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. currency
  2. goods
  3. treasure

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

貨 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

貨: Hán Nôm readings: hóa/hoá

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=貨&oldid=78763049"