責

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See also: 责
責 U+8CAC, 責
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CAC
← 貫
[U+8CAB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 貭 →
[U+8CAD]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

責 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手一月山金 (QMBUC), four-corner 50806, composition ⿱龶貝)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36682
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1668, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3626, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8CAC

Chinese[edit]

trad. 責
simp. 责
alternative forms 𧵩

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
債 *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ
積 *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ
刺 *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ
莿 *sʰeːɡs, *raːds
刾 *sʰeɡs
朿 *sʰeɡs
漬 *zeɡs
耫 *zraːd, *zreːɡ
嘖 *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀 *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ
捒 *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘 *ʔsreːɡ
簀 *ʔsreːɡ
嫧 *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮 *ʔsreːɡ
責 *ʔsreːɡ
皟 *sʰreːɡ
憡 *sʰreːɡ
策 *sʰreːɡ
筴 *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb
拺 *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ
賾 *zreːɡ
鰿 *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ
擌 *sreːɡ
蹟 *ʔseɡ
襀 *ʔseɡ
磧 *sʰeɡ
洓 *sʰeɡ
績 *ʔseːɡ
勣 *ʔseːɡ
樍 *ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːɡ) : phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs) + semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”) – tax; debt.

Top component now resembles 生 (without the diagonal stroke) – compare 青, 素.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • chit - vernacular (“duty; to look into; to ask for”);
  • chiak - liteary (“to look into; to ask for”);
  • chek - literary (“duty; to look into; to ask for”).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 責
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sɤ³⁵/
Harbin /t͡sai²⁴/
/t͡sɤ²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sɤ⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡sə²¹³/
/ʈ͡ʂei²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sə⁴²/
/t͡se⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sei²¹/
Xining /t͡sɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sə¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂə¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sɤ⁵¹/
/t͡sei⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡se³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sɛ²¹/
Kunming /t͡sə³¹/
Nanjing /t͡səʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡sɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡saʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡sʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡saʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sa²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sɛʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡sa⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sə²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡sæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sit̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sak̚³/
Nanning /t͡sak̚³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sak̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡saiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡seʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 責
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 莊 (18)
Final (韻) 耕 (119)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 側革切
Baxter tsreak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃæk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhe
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 責 責
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zé zé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsreak › ‹ tsreak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-tˁrek/ /*s-tˁrek/
English demand payment blame

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 責
Reading # 1/1
No. 1761
Phonetic
component 		朿
Rime
group 		錫
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		責
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsreːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

責

  1. to demand; to ask for (something)
  2. to demand to; to order to
  3. to blame; to reproach
  4. to interrogate; to question closely
  5. to punish by beating
  6. duty; responsibility
  7. (Hakka) to thrust; to poke with finger
  8. (Mainland China Hokkien) to look into; to investigate

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 責
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsreaH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-tˁrek-s/
English debt

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions[edit]

責

  1. † Original form of 債／债 (zhài, “debt; loan”).

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

責

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. blame
  2. condemn

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Hanja[edit]

責 (eumhun 꾸짖을 책 (kkujijeul chaek))

  1. Hanja form? of 책 (“reproach”).

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Hanja[edit]

責 (eumhun 빚 채 (bit chae))

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 債 (“Hanja form? of 채 (“debt”).”)

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

責: Hán Nôm readings: trách

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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