透

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透 U+900F, 透
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-900F
← 逎
[U+900E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 逐 →
[U+9010]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

透 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜竹木尸 (YHDS), four-corner 32302, composition ⿺辶秀)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1257, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38876
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1742, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3842, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+900F

Chinese[edit]

trad. 透
simp. # 透
alternative forms 䞬

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 透
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (秀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
透 *l̥ʰoːs, *hljuɡ
莠 *luʔ
誘 *luʔ
蜏 *luʔ, *slus, *lus
琇 *luʔ, *slus
秀 *slus
銹 *slus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːs, *hljuɡ) : semantic 辵 (“walking”) + phonetic 秀 (OC *slus).

This character is not attested in the oracle bone script or bronze inscriptions.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • thàu - vernacular;
  • thò͘/thiò/thò - literary.
Rime
Character 透
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他候切
Baxter thuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰəuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰəuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰəwH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰuH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tau3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 透
Reading # 1/2
No. 13929
Phonetic
component 		秀
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		透
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰoːs/

Definitions[edit]

透

  1. to penetrate; to pass through
  2. to show; to reveal
  3. to disclose
  4. thoroughly; completely
  5. clear andthorough
  6. (Cantonese) transparent
  7. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 透 (MC thuwH)
  8. (Jin or Internet slang, vulgar, derogatory) fuck
    透你媽！／透你妈！  ―  Tòu nǐ mā!  ―  Fuck your mother!
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 肏 (“to fuck; to have sex with”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Mandarin Beijing 肏1, 日, 弄
Taiwan 幹, 肏1
Harbin 肏1
Shenyang 肏1
Yantai (Muping) 肏1
Jinan 肏1
Luoyang 日, 尻
Wanrong 日
Xi'an 窄, 失
Yinchuan 日
Lanzhou 日
Xining 日
Ürümqi 日
Wuhan 日, 搞
Chengdu 日
Guiyang 日, 肏1
Kunming 日
Guilin 屌, 肏1
Liuzhou 屌, 肏1
Xuzhou 日, 尻, 操, 肏1
Yangzhou 入
Nanjing 日, 操
Hefei 弄
Malaysia 幹
Singapore 幹
Cantonese Guangzhou 屌
Hong Kong 屌
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 屌
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 屌
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 屌
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 屌
Macau 屌
Guangzhou (Panyu) 屌
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 屌
Guangzhou (Conghua) 屌
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 屌
Foshan 屌
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 屌
Foshan (Shunde) 屌
Foshan (Sanshui) 屌
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 屌
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 屌
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 屌
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 屌
Zhuhai (Doumen) 屌
Jiangmen (Baisha) 屌
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 屌
Taishan 屌
Kaiping (Chikan) 屌
Enping (Niujiang) 屌
Heshan (Yayao) 屌
Dongguan 屌
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 屌
Qingyuan 屌
Fogang 屌
Yingde (Hanguang) 屌
Yangshan 屌
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 屌
Shaoguan 屌
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 屌
Renhua 屌
Lechang 屌
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 屌
Sihui 屌
Guangning 屌
Deqing 屌
Huaiji 屌
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 屌
Yunfu 屌
Xinxing 屌
Luoding 屌
Yunan (Pingtai) 屌
Yangjiang 屌
Xinyi 屌
Lianjiang 屌
Beihai 屌
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 屌
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 屌
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 屌
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 屌
Penang (Guangfu) 屌
Singapore (Guangfu) 屌
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 屌
Móng Cái 屌
Gan Nanchang 戳
Lichuan 戳
Pingxiang 戳
Hakka Meixian 屌
Dabu (Xihe) 屌
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 屌
Huidong (Daling) 屌
Dongguan (Qingxi) 屌
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 屌
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 屌
Wuhua (Huacheng) 屌
Heyuan (Bendihua) 屌
Wengyuan 屌
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 屌
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 屌
Liannan 屌
Conghua (Lütian) 屌
Jiexi 屌
Changting 屌
Wuping 屌
Wuping (Yanqian) 屌
Wuping (Pingyu) 屌
Liancheng 屌
Ninghua 屌
Yudu 屌, 戳
Ningdu 屌
Ruijin 屌
Shicheng 屌
Shangyou (Shexi) 屌
Tonggu (Sandu) 屌, 戳
Ganzhou (Panlong) 屌
Dayu 屌
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屌
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 屌
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 屌
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 屌
Hong Kong 屌
Yangxi (Tangkou) 屌
Yangchun (Sanjia) 屌
Xinyi (Sihe) 屌
Xinyi (Qianpai) 屌
Gaozhou (Xindong) 屌
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 屌
Huazhou (Xin'an) 屌
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 屌
Lianjiang (Qingping) 屌
Mengshan (Xihe) 屌
Luchuan 屌
Sabah (Longchuan) 屌
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 屌
Jin Taiyuan 透, 肏1, 日
Xinzhou 透, 日
Linhe 透
Jining 透
Hohhot 透
Baotou 透
Northern Min Jian'ou 饁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 𠚺
Changle 𠚺
Fuqing 𠚺
Gutian 𠚺
Fu'an 操
Ningde 操
Shouning 戳
Zhouning 戳
Fuding 操
Southern Min Xiamen 姦
Xiamen (Tong'an) 箍
Quanzhou 使, 獛
Jinjiang 使
Nan'an 使
Hui'an 使
Anxi 使
Yongchun 使
Dehua 使
Zhangzhou 姦, 躄
Taipei 姦
Kaohsiung 姦
Yilan 姦
Taichung 姦
Tainan 姦
Taitung 姦
Penang (Hokkien) 姦
Singapore (Hokkien) 姦, 使
Manila (Hokkien) 使
Chaozhou 甫
Shantou 甫
Shantou (Chenghai) 甫
Shantou (Chaoyang) 甫
Jieyang 甫
Lufeng 甫
Haifeng 甫
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 甫
Singapore (Teochew) 甫
Leizhou 肏4
Wenchang 肏4
Haikou 肏4
Puxian Min Putian 騷
Xianyou 騷
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 屌
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 屌
Wu Shanghai 戳
Shanghai (Chongming) 戳
Suzhou 戳
Haining (Yanguan) 戳
Danyang 肏5
Ningbo 嬉
Wenzhou 裝
Jinhua 弄, 入
Xiang Changsha 肏3
Loudi 肏3
Shuangfeng 肏3

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 透
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 東 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式竹切
Baxter syuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕuwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		suk1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 透
Reading # 2/2
No. 13939
Phonetic
component 		秀
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		叔
Old
Chinese 		/*hljuɡ/
Notes 見方言

Definitions[edit]

透

  1. (obsolete) startled; alarmed; disturbed

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 透
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
透󠄁
透+󠄁?
(Adobe-Japan1)
透󠄃
透+󠄃?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

透

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. transparent
  2. permeable, porous
  3. passable, (in the sense of objects spaced far enough apart to allow something in-between)

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese 透 (MC thuwH); compare Mandarin 透 (tòu):

From Middle Chinese 透 (MC syuwk); compare Mandarin 透 (shū):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

透(とおる) • (Tōru) 

  1. a unisex given name

透(すける) • (Sukeru) 

  1. a male given name

References[edit]

  1. ^ “透”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2102 (paper), page 1103 (digital)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 透 (MC thuwH).

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

透 (eumhun 사무칠 투 (samuchil tu))

  1. Hanja form? of 투 (“transparent”).
  2. Hanja form? of 투 (“permeable; pass through”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

透: Hán Nôm readings: thấu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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