郭

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郭 U+90ED, 郭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90ED
← 郬
[U+90EC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 郮 →
[U+90EE]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

郭 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜木弓中 (YDNL), four-corner 07427, composition ⿰享阝)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1273, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39474
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1771, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3780, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+90ED

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 郭
alternative forms 𨟍
𩫩
𩫏
𩫖

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 郭
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (郭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
郭 *kʷaːɡ
埻 *tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
崞 *kʷaːɡ
椁 *kʷaːɡ
槨 *kʷaːɡ
噋 *tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ
廓 *kʰʷaːɡ
鞹 *kʰʷaːɡ
漷 *kʰʷaːɡ, *qʰʷraːɡ
霩 *qʰʷaːɡ

Originally written 𩫏.

Later 邑 was added to form an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𩫏 (“tall building”) + 邑 (“city”) – a city with tall buildings.

From clerical script, the 𩫏 became written as the unrelated 享 through the process of libian.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/r-kawk ~ s/r-kwak (“outer covering; skin, bark, rind”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007).

“to be none of someone's own business”
Contraction of 關我／关我 (guān wǒ). See 關……屁事／关……屁事 (guān...pìshì) for details.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • guóh - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • guók - literary.
Note:
  • keh/kerh/koeh - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • kok - literary.
Note:
  • guêh4 - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • guag4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 郭
Mandarin Beijing /kuo⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuo⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuo²¹/
Jinan /kuə²¹³/
Qingdao /kuə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kuo²⁴/
Xi'an /kuo²¹/
Xining /ku⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuə¹³/
Lanzhou /kuə¹³/
Ürümqi /kuɤ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuo²¹³/
Chengdu /kue³¹/
/ko³¹/
Guiyang /ko²¹/
Kunming /ko³¹/
Nanjing /kueʔ⁵/
Hefei /kuɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kuəʔ²/
Pingyao /kuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /koʔ⁵/
Suzhou /koʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /koʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ko²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ko⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ko²⁴/
Xiangtan /ko²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kuɔʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kuok̚¹/
Taoyuan /kok̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɔk̚³/
Nanning /kʰɔk̚³³/
Hong Kong /kwɔk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kɔk̚³²/
/keʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuɔʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kua²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kueʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kɔk̚⁵/
/kue⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 郭
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (104)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古博切
Baxter kwak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kwɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwak̚/
Li
Rong 		/kuɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/kuɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kwɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwok3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 郭
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guō
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷˁak/
English outer wall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 郭
Reading # 1/1
No. 4752
Phonetic
component 		郭
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		郭
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷaːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

郭

  1. outer city wall
  2. (literary) (alt. form 廓) outline
  3. (～國) (historical) Guo, a minor state that existed during the Zhou dynasty and was conquered by the state of Qi in 670 BCE.
  4. (Taiwan, Internet slang) to be none of someone's own business; to have nothing to do with someone
  5. a surname
    郭守敬  ―  Guō Shǒujìng  ―  Guo Shoujing (Yuan dynasty Chinese astronomer)

Descendants[edit]

  • → English: Guo, Kuo, Kwok, Kuok, Quek, Kuek, Kwek
  • → Tagalog: Kwek, Que

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

郭

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. Quarter (of a city)
  2. Enclosure

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
郭
くるわ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 郭 – see the following entry.
【くるわ】
[noun] [from late 1500s] a palisade, wall, moat, natural waterway, or other structure used to divide a specific area from its surroundings, such as a castle or fort
[noun] [probably from early 1600s] the area so bounded by such a structure
[noun] [from 1678] a red-light district, specifically one that is divided from the rest of the town by means of a wall or fence or similar structure
[noun] [from 1698] (poetry, haiku) in 俳諧 (haikai, “vulgar haiku”), the general realm of subject matter used for the opening line
Alternative spellings
曲輪, 廓
(This term, 郭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 郭 (MC kwak). Recorded as Middle Korean 곽〮 (kwák) (Yale: kwak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

郭 (eumhun 둘레/성곽 곽 (dulle/seonggwak gwak))

  1. Hanja form? of 곽 (“outer city wall; girdle”).
    Synonym: 廓 (곽 (gwak))
  2. Hanja form? of 곽 (“a surname”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

郭: Hán Việt readings: quách[1][2][3][4][5][6]
郭: Nôm readings: quách[1][2][3][7], quắt[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of quách (“sarcophagus, outer coffin; outer wall, as of a city or fort; jar containing human remains for reburial”).
  2. chữ Hán form of Quách (“a surname”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Trần (1999).
  5. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  7. ^ Hồ (1976).
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