酸

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See also: 痠
酸 U+9178, 酸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9178
← 酷
[U+9177] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 酹 →
[U+9179]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

酸 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田戈金水 (MWICE), four-corner 13647, composition ⿰酉夋)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39871
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3585, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+9178

Chinese[edit]

trad. 酸
simp. # 酸
2nd round simp. 夋
alternative forms 𨢽

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (允) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唆 *sloːl
梭 *sloːl
葰 *sloːlʔ, *sroːlʔ, *slul
誜 *sroːls
朘 *ʔslon
捘 *ʔsluːls, *ʔsluːns, *sʰlun
荾 *slul
酸 *sloːn
狻 *sloːn
痠 *sloːn
鋑 *ʔslon
脧 *ʔsluːl
悛 *sʰlon
吮 *zlonʔ, *ɦljunʔ
萒 *ɡronʔ, *lonʔ
沇 *lonʔ
抁 *lonʔ
馻 *lonʔ, *lunʔ
兖 *lonʔ
渷 *lonʔ
兗 *lonʔ
焌 *ʔsluːns, *ʔsluns, *sʰlud
允 *lunʔ
狁 *lunʔ
玧 *lunʔ
俊 *ʔsluns
晙 *ʔsluns, *sluns
餕 *ʔsluns
畯 *ʔsluns
駿 *ʔsluns
竣 *sʰlun
皴 *sʰlun
逡 *sʰlun
踆 *sʰlun
夋 *sʰlun
埈 *sluns
陖 *sluns
鵕 *sluns
浚 *sluns
峻 *sluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːn) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: lhon1* - “vinegar”.
Note:
  • sng/suiⁿ - vernacular;
  • soan - literary.
Rime
Character 酸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 素官切
Baxter swan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/suɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/suɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/swan/
Li
Rong 		/suɑn/
Wang
Li 		/suɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/suɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		suān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		syun1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 酸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		suān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ swan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]ˁor/
English sour

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 酸
Reading # 1/1
No. 16434
Phonetic
component 		允
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		酸
Old
Chinese 		/*sloːn/

Definitions[edit]

酸

  1. sour; tart
    酸葡萄  ―  suānpútáo  ―  sour grapes
  2. (chemistry) acid [from late 19th c.]
    鹽酸／盐酸  ―  yánsuān  ―  hydrochloric acid
    Antonym: 鹼／碱 (jiǎn)
  3. (Siyi Yue, Fuqing Eastern Min) vinegar
  4. sick at heart; grieved; sad
  5. Alternative form of 痠 (suān, “aching; sore; stiff”)
  6. stingy; miserly
  7. narrow-minded; pedantic
  8. spoiled; rancid
  9. to satirize; to ridicule
  10. (Internet slang) jealous; envious [from 2019]
    See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的, sour grapes
    See also: 醋, 吃醋
    alt. forms: 🍋
  11. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 酸 (“sour”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 酸
Mandarin Beijing 酸
Taiwan 酸
Tianjin 酸
Chengde 酸
Tangshan 酸
Cangzhou 酸
Baoding 酸
Shijiazhuang 酸
Chifeng 酸
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 酸
Heihe 酸
Qiqihar 酸
Harbin 酸
Jiamusi 酸
Baicheng 酸
Changchun 酸
Tonghua 酸
Shenyang 酸
Dandong 酸
Jinzhou 酸
Dalian 酸
Yantai 酸
Yantai (Muping) 酸
Qingdao 酸
Lijin 酸
Zhucheng 酸
Jinan 酸
Jining 酸
Luoyang 酸
Wanrong 酸
Shangqiu 酸
Yuanyang 酸
Zhengzhou 酸
Lingbao 酸
Xinyang 酸
Baihe 酸
Hanzhong 酸
Xi'an 酸
Baoji 酸
Yinchuan 酸
Tianshui 酸
Lanzhou 酸
Dunhuang 酸
Xining 酸
Hami 酸
Ürümqi 酸
Wuhan 酸
Yichang 酸
Xiangyang 酸
Tianmen 酸
Hong'an 酸
Chengdu 酸
Nanchong 酸
Dazhou 酸
Hanyuan 酸
Xichang 酸
Zigong 酸
Chongqing 酸
Guiyang 酸
Zunyi 酸
Bijie 酸
Liping 酸
Zhaotong 酸
Dali 酸
Kunming 酸
Mengzi 酸
Guilin 酸
Liuzhou 酸
Jishou 酸
Changde 酸
Anqing 酸
Xuzhou 酸
Fuyang 酸
Wuhu 酸
Yangzhou 酸
Lianyungang 酸
Lianshui 酸
Nanjing 酸
Hefei 酸
Nantong 酸
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 酸
Cantonese Guangzhou 酸
Hong Kong 酸
Taishan 酸
Dongguan 酸
Gan Nanchang 酸
Lichuan 酸
Pingxiang 酸
Hakka Meixian 酸
Yudu 酸
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 酸
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 酸
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 酸
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 酸
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 酸
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 酸
Huizhou Jixi 酸
Shexian 酸
Jin Taiyuan 酸
Yangyuan 酸
Datong 酸
Xinzhou 酸
Lishi 酸
Linfen 酸
Changzhi 酸
Linhe 酸
Jining 酸
Hohhot 酸
Erenhot 酸
Pingshan 酸
Zhangjiakou 酸
Handan 酸
Linzhou 酸
Suide 酸
Northern Min Jian'ou 酸
Eastern Min Fuzhou 酸
Southern Min Xiamen 酸
Quanzhou 酸
Zhangzhou 酸
Tainan 酸
Penang (Hokkien) 酸
Jieyang 酸堯, 酸汧
Leizhou 酸
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 酸
Wu Shanghai 酸
Shanghai (Chongming) 酸
Suzhou 酸
Danyang 酸
Ningbo 酸
Wenzhou 酸
Jinhua 酸
Xiang Changsha 酸
Loudi 酸
Dialectal synonyms of 醋 (“vinegar”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 醋
Mandarin Beijing 醋, 忌諱
Taiwan 醋
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 忌諱
Harbin 醋, 忌諱
Shenyang 醋, 忌諱
Yantai (Muping) 醋, 忌諱
Qingdao 忌諱
Jinan 醋, 忌諱
Luoyang 醋
Wanrong 醋
Zhengzhou 忌諱
Xi'an 醋
Yinchuan 醋
Lanzhou 醋
Xining 醋
Wuhan 醋
Chengdu 醋
Guiyang 醋
Kunming 醋
Guilin 醋
Liuzhou 醋, 酸醋
Xuzhou 醋, 忌諱
Yangzhou 醋
Nanjing 醋
Hefei 醋
Nantong 醋
Singapore 醋
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 醋
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 醋
Cantonese Guangzhou 醋
Hong Kong 醋
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 醋
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 醋
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 醋
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 醋
Macau 醋
Guangzhou (Panyu) 醋
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 醋
Guangzhou (Conghua) 醋
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 醋
Foshan 醋
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 醋
Foshan (Shunde) 醋
Foshan (Sanshui) 醋
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 醋
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 醋
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 醋
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 醋
Zhuhai (Doumen) 醋
Jiangmen (Baisha) 醋
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 醋
Taishan 酸, 醋
Kaiping (Chikan) 酸
Enping (Niujiang) 酸, 醋
Heshan (Yayao) 醋
Dongguan 醋
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 醋
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 醋
Qingyuan 醋
Fogang 醋
Yingde (Hanguang) 醋
Yangshan 醋
Lianshan (Butian) 醋
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 醋
Shaoguan 醋
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 醋
Renhua 醋
Lechang 醋
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 醋
Sihui 醋
Guangning 醋
Deqing 醋
Huaiji 醋
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 醋
Yunfu 醋
Xinxing 醋
Luoding 醋
Yunan (Pingtai) 醋
Yangjiang 醋
Xinyi 酸醋
Lianjiang 醋
Nanning 醋, 七醋, 酸醋
Wuzhou 醋
Yulin 醋
Hepu (Lianzhou) 醋
Beihai 醋
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 酸醋
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 醋
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 酸醋
Danzhou 醋
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 醋
Singapore (Guangfu) 醋
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 醋
Móng Cái 酸醋
Yangon (Taishan) 醋
Gan Nanchang 醋, 小酒
Lichuan 醋, 小酒
Pingxiang 醋, 小酒
Hakka Meixian 醋, 酸醋, 甜酒
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 醋
Dongguan (Qingxi) 醋
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 醋
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 醋
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 醋
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 醋
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 醋
Wuhua (Huacheng) 醋
Wuhua (Changbu) 醋
Wuhua (Mianyang) 醋, 酸醋
Heyuan (Bendihua) 醋
Liannan 醋
Conghua (Lütian) 酸醋
Jiexi 醋
Changting 醋
Ninghua 小酒, 醋
Yudu 醋, 小酒, 酸酒
Shicheng 醋
Shangyou (Shexi) 小酒
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 酸醋, 醋
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 酸醋, 醋
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 酸醋
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 酸醋, 醋
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 酸醋, 醋
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 酸醋, 醋
Hong Kong 醋
Luchuan 醋
Luchuan (Daqiao) 醋
Sabah (Longchuan) 酸醋
Senai (Huiyang) 醋
Singkawang 甜酒
Huizhou Jixi 醋
Shexian 醋
Tunxi 醋
Xiuning 醋
Yixian 醋
Qimen 醋
Wuyuan 醋
Jin Taiyuan 醋
Pingyao 醋
Xinzhou 醋
Hohhot 醋
Northern Min Jian'ou 醋, 小酒
Jian'ou (Dikou) 醋
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 醋
Pucheng (Shibei) 醋
Eastern Min Fuzhou 醋
Fuqing 醋, 酸
Southern Min Xiamen 醋
Quanzhou 醋
Kaohsiung 醋
Penang (Hokkien) 醋
Singapore (Hokkien) 醋
Manila (Hokkien) 醋
Zhangping 酸醋
Zhangping (Yongfu) 醋, 酸醋
Pingnan (Shangdu) 醋
Chaozhou 醋
Shantou 醋
Haifeng 醋
Bangkok (Teochew) 醋
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 醋
Singapore (Teochew) 醋
Wenchang 醋
Haikou 醋
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 醋
Sanxiang 醋
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 醋, 酸醋
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 醋
Wu Shanghai 醋, 米醋
Shanghai (Chongming) 酸醋
Suzhou 醋, 酸醋
Wuxi 醋, 酸醋
Danyang 醋, 酸醋
Hangzhou 醋, 米醋
Ningbo 米醋
Wenzhou 醋
Jinhua 醋, 米醋
Xiang Changsha 醋, 小酒
Loudi 小酒
Shuangfeng 醋, 小酒
Quanzhou 醋

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • →? Proto-Hmong-Mien: *suj (“sour”)

See also[edit]

Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text)
甜 (tián) 酸 (suān) 鹹／咸 (xián) 苦 辣 (là) 鮮味／鲜味 (xiānwèi)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

酸

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. sour
  2. (chemistry) acid

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
酸
さん
Grade: 5
on’yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Middle Chinese 酸 (suɑn).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

酸(さん) • (san) 

  1. sourness (quality or condition)
  2. (chemistry) acid

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
酸
す
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Noun[edit]

酸(す) • (su) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 酢 (“vinegar”)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

酸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

酸: Hán Nôm readings: toan[1]

  1. (chemistry, biochemistry) acid

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Trần (1999).
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