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See also:
U+934B, 鍋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-934B

[U+934A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+934C]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 167, +9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金月月口 (CBBR), four-corner 87127, composition )

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1313, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1814, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+934B

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp.
alternative forms
𩰭
𢧘

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kloːl): semantic (metal) + phonetic (OC *kʰʷroːl).

Etymology 1[edit]

Area word; compare Proto-Palaungic *kʔɔɔl (cooking pot), Malay kuali (cooking pot) (Schuessler, 2007).

For the sense “blame; fault”, it is a clipping of 黑鍋黑锅 (hēiguō).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • e/er/oe - vernacular;
  • ko/o - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /kuo⁵⁵/
    Harbin /kuo⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /kuo²¹/
    Jinan /kuə²¹³/
    Qingdao /kuə²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /kuo²⁴/
    Xi'an /kuo²¹/
    Xining /ku⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kuə⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /kuə³¹/
    Ürümqi /kuɤ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /kuo⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ko⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ko⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ko⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ko³¹/
    Hefei /kʊ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /kuɤ¹¹/
    Pingyao /kuei¹³/
    Hohhot /kuɤ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ku⁵³/
    Suzhou /kəu⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ku³³/
    Wenzhou /ku³³/
    Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
    Tunxi /o¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ko³³/
    Xiangtan /ko³³/
    Gan Nanchang /uo⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /ko⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan
    Cantonese Guangzhou /wɔ⁵⁵/
    Nanning /kɔ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /wɔ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ko⁵⁵/
    /e⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuo⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ua⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /ue³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /ko²³/
    /ʔdia²¹³/ 訓鼎

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (95)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter kwa
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kuɑ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kuɑ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kuɑ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kwa/
    Li
    Rong
    /kuɑ/
    Wang
    Li
    /kuɑ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kuɑ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    guō
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gwo1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4364
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kloːl/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. cooking pot; pan; wok
    2. (Mainland China, neologism) blame; fault
        ―  wǒ de guō  ―  mea culpa; my bad
        ―  shuǎi guō  ―  to deflect blame; to deny responsibility
    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“sickle”).
    (This character is a variant form of ).

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    : traditional nabe (both the pot and the food)
    土鍋 (donabe): traditional earthenware nabe
    中華鍋 (chūka nabe): "Chinese nabe", a.k.a. wok
    タジン (tajin nabe): a Moroccan tajine
    火鍋 (hinabe): a fondue pot
    スープ (sūpu nabe): a soup pot or stockpot
    Kanji in this term
    なべ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    ⟨nabe2 → */naⁿbe//nabe/

    From Old Japanese,[1] first cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2] In turn, reconstructed as Proto-Japonic *nanpay.

    Originally a compound of Old Japanese elements (na, small snack, hors d'oeuvre) +‎ (pe, modern he, “a pot or pan for holding food or beverages”).[1][2][3][4][5][6] The he changes to be as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (なべ) (nabe

    1. [from 720] a broad-bottomed pot or pan
      This term is less specific than English pot or pan, and can often be used to refer to either of these. The sample images in this entry illustrate some of the various items that can be called a nabe in Japanese.
    2. [from 1885] short for 鍋料理 (nabe ryōri, literally pot + cooking) or 鍋物 (nabemono, literally pot + thing), a dish where everything is cooked together in a nabe; compare English hot pot or hotdish
      鍋料理 (nabe ryōri)
      鍋物 (nabemono)
    3. [from 1780] by extension from the sense of someone working with pots and pans: a maidservant
      御鍋 (onabe)
    4. [1807–??] (historical, slang) by further extension from the sense of maidservant: a woman (in reference to sex)
    5. [1842–1860s] (historical, slang, archaic) during the late Edo period, a 搗米屋 (tsukigomeya, rice polisher shop, white rice retailer) who has run out of stock

    Related terms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • Indonesian: nabe
    • Korean: 냄비 (naembi, “pan, saucepan; pot”)
    • Sakizaya: nabi

    See also[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), →ISBN, page 531
    2. 2.0 2.1 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    3. ^ ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
    4. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998) 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
    5. 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    6. 6.0 6.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    7. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (gwa) (hangeul , revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: oa

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.