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U+9593, 間
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9593

[U+9592]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9594]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 169, +4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓日 (ANA), four-corner 77607, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1333, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41249
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1839, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4288, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9593

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (door) + (sun). Originally , moonlight () peeking through a door () – interstice; space.

Etymology[edit]

The two pronunciations are related, with Pronunciation 2 ( (OC *kreːns)) being the exoactive of Pronunciation 1 ( (OC *kreːn)).

Related to:

Externally, likely related to Mizo kâr (space between; interval), Burmese ကြား (kra:, in-between; interval; interim), အကြား (a.kra:, gap; break) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • keng/kuiⁿ/kaiⁿ - vernacular (“room, classifier”);
    • kan - literary.
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: goin1 / gain1 / gang1
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: koiⁿ / kaiⁿ / kang
    • Sinological IPA (key): /kõĩ³³/, /kãĩ³³/, /kaŋ³³/
  • Note:
    • goin1/gain1 - vernacular (“room, classifier”) (gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang);
    • gang1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Note:
    • 1ke - vernacular;
    • 1ji - literary.
  • Xiang
  • Note: ga1 - in 中間子.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (73)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter kean
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kˠɛn/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kᵚæn/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kəɨn/
    Li
    Rong
    /kɛn/
    Wang
    Li
    /kæn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kăn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    jiān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gaan1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    jiān
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kɛn ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kˁre[n]/
    English interval

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 6226
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kreːn/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. within a definite time period or place
        ―  shíjiān  ―  time, period
        ―  wǎnjiān  ―  evening, night
        ―  shìjiān  ―  world, earth
        ―  kōngjiān  ―  space
    2. among; between
      樹枝 [MSC, trad.]
      树枝 [MSC, simp.]
      Xiǎo niǎo men zài shùzhī jiān chàng gē. [Pinyin]
      The birds were singing among the branches of the tree.
      公司談判非常成功 [MSC, trad.]
      公司谈判非常成功 [MSC, simp.]
      Liǎng ge gōngsī jiān de tánpàn fēicháng chénggōng. [Pinyin]
      The negotiations between the two companies were successful.
      直線直线  ―  Liǎng diǎn jiān zhíxiàn zuì duǎn.  ―  The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
    3. a moment; a little while; instant
    4. room; chamber
        ―  fángjiān  ―  room
      衛生卫生  ―  wèishēngjiān  ―  bathroom, toilet
      衣帽衣帽  ―  yīmàojiān  ―  cloakroom
      雙人双人  ―  shuāngrénjiān  ―  double room
    5. section of a room; lateral space between two pairs of pillars
    6. Classifier for smallest units of housing, such as rooms and shopfronts.
    7. (chiefly Cantonese) Classifier for buildings in general, including schools, banks, cinemas, hospitals, shops, factories.
    8. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]


    Note: gain3 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (73)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter keanH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kˠɛnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kᵚænH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kænH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kəɨnH/
    Li
    Rong
    /kɛnH/
    Wang
    Li
    /kænH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kănH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    jiàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gaan3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    jiān
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kɛn ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kˁre[n]/
    English 間關 sound of a chariot"s linchpin (Ode 218.1)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 6228
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kreːns/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. opening; gap; break
    2. estrangement; alienation; hostility
    3. spy; secret agent
    4. to keep away from; to keep apart
    5. to separate; to partition
    6. to alternate; to do something alternately
    7. to be mixed up with; to be intermingled
    8. to sow discord
    9. to blame; to reproach
    10. intermittently; sometimes
    11. in secret; clandestinely

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 3[edit]


    Definitions[edit]

    1. (obsolete) Variant pronunciation of the classifier sense.
    2. (obsolete) Used in place names.

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    Kyūjitai

    Ryakuji for 間, based on ryakuji for ; compare also .

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    あいだ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    あいだ
    [noun] a space
    [noun] a while; an interval; (when followed by ) meanwhile
    [noun] between
    [noun] during
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    H
    [noun] : space; room
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    あい
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    あい
    [noun] (literary or dialectal) interval of time or space; time; during; between; leisure
    [noun] relation; relationship; terms (between people)
    [noun] Short for 間狂言 (aikyōgen).
    [noun] Short for 間駒 (aigoma).
    [noun] Short for 間の手 (ai no te).
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    かん
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (kɛn, interval).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    (かん) (kan

    1. space; interval; among; between
    2. extent; scope
    3. hidden; invisible
    4. Alternative spelling of (kan, free time)

    Noun[edit]

    (かん) (kan

    1. interval

    Suffix[edit]

    (かん) (-kan

    1. suffixes some expressions of time to tell duration rather than time or date
      ()()ni-jitwo (o'clock)
      ()()(かん)ni-jikantwo hours
      ()()()(ふん)ni-ji go-funfive past two
      ()(ふん)((かん))go-fun (kan)five minutes
      (ふつ)()futsukathe 2nd (day of the month)
      (ふつ)()((かん))futsuka (kan)two days

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    はざま
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    狭間はざま
    [noun] interval; gap; space between
    [noun] arrowslit
    [suffix] (in place names) interstice; passage between
    [suffix] (in place names) gorge, valley; ravine
    Alternative spelling
    迫間
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 사이 (sai gan))

    1. Hanja form? of (between).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: gian, dán, gián

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]