陰

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See also: 阴, 隂, and 侌
陰 U+9670, 陰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9670
← 陯
[U+966F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 陱 →
[U+9671]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

陰 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人戈戈 (NLOII), four-corner 78231, composition ⿰阝侌)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1353, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41691
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1855, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4138, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9670

Chinese[edit]

trad. 陰
simp. 阴
alternative forms
 
侌
𠊺
𣍤
𤽎
阥
侌
𠊺
𣍤
𤽎
阥
𨹉
隂
𨻔
𨼖
𨽙
𨽭
𨹩
𩃬
𣱙
𢉩
𠆭

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

According to Shuowen, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯm) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 侌 ().

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r(u/i)m (“dark; shade; dusk; twilight”); compare Tibetan རུམ (rum, “darkness”), Jingpho rim (“to be dusk”) (Benedict, 1972; Bodman, 1980; STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) compares it instead to Burmese အုံ့ (um., “to become overcast”), Adi mugyum (“shade; shadow”), Lepcha [script needed] (so-dyŭm, “shade”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • im - literary;
  • iam - vernacular (limited, e.g. 半陰陽).
Rime
Character 陰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於金切
Baxter 'im
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔjim/
Li
Rong 		/ʔjəm/
Wang
Li 		/ĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 陰
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*q(r)um/
English dark

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 陰
Reading # 1/1
No. 6623
Phonetic
component 		今
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		音
Old
Chinese 		/*qrɯm/

Definitions[edit]

陰

  1. cloudy; overcast; gloomy
    陰暗／阴暗  ―  yīn'àn  ―  dark; gloomy
    天陰了。／天阴了。  ―  Tiān yīn le.  ―  The sky is overcast.
    陰轉晴／阴转晴  ―  yīn zhuǎn qíng  ―  cloudy to fine
  2. hidden; secret
    陽奉陰違／阳奉阴违  ―  yángfèngyīnwéi  ―  to overtly agree but covertly oppose; to comply in public but oppose in private
  3. negative
    陰極／阴极  ―  yīnjí  ―  cathode
    陰離子／阴离子  ―  yīnlízǐ  ―  anion; negative ion
  4. the Moon
    太陰／太阴  ―  tàiyīn  ―  moon
    陰曆／阴历  ―  yīnlì  ―  lunar calendar
  5. shade; shadow
    樹陰／树阴  ―  shùyīn  ―  shade of a tree
    背陰／背阴  ―  bèiyīn  ―  to be in the shade
  6. north of a mountain or south of a river
    山陰／山阴  ―  shānyīn  ―  northern side of a mountain
    江陰／江阴  ―  Jiāngyīn  ―  Jiangyin (a county situated on the south side of the Yangtze River)
  7. back side
    碑陰／碑阴  ―  bēiyīn  ―  posterior of a stele
  8. of the nether world; of ghosts
    陰間／阴间  ―  yīnjiān  ―  afterworld; netherworld
    陰陽相隔／阴阳相隔  ―  yīnyáng xiànggé  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  9. (philosophy) "female" principle; yin in yin-yang
  10. in intaglio
    陰文／阴文  ―  yīnwén  ―  intagliated characters or designs
  11. treacherous; deceitful; cheating
    陰險／阴险  ―  yīnxiǎn  ―  treacherous
    好哇，你敢跟我玩兒陰的！ [MSC, trad.]
    好哇，你敢跟我玩儿阴的！ [MSC, simp.]
    Hǎo wa, nǐ gǎn gēn wǒ wánr yīn de! [Pinyin]
    Fine, you dare play dirty with me!
  12. (dialectal) to deceive; to trick; to trap
    我今兒個讓人給陰了。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    我今儿个让人给阴了。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
    Wǒ jīnrge ràng rén gěi yīn le. [Pinyin]
    Today I have been tricked by someone.
  13. (Chinese phonetics, of a syllable) open; not having a consonant coda
  14. (Cantonese) bangs; fringe
    alt. forms: 𩬎
  15. genitalia (of humans)
    陰道／阴道  ―  yīndào  ―  vagina
    外陰／外阴  ―  wàiyīn  ―  vulva
  16. a surname

Antonyms[edit]

See also[edit]

The tones (of Chinese) in Mandarin · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
平仄 (píngzè) 平 (píng)
平聲／平声 (píngshēng) 		仄 (zè)
仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng)
平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù)
四聲／四声 (sìshēng) 		平 (píng)
平聲／平声 (píngshēng) 		上 (shǎng)
上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng) 		去 (qù)
去聲／去声 (qùshēng) 		入 (rù)
入聲／入声 (rùshēng)
標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
標調法／标调法 		四角標調法／四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜂◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜆
[Term?] ◌〪 ◌〫 ◌〬 ◌〭
傍點／傍点 ∅ ◌〮 ◌〯 ∅
四聲八調／四声八调 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng) 陰上／阴上 (yīnshǎng) 陽上／阳上 (yángshǎng) 陰去／阴去 (yīnqù) 陽去／阳去 (yángqù) 陰入／阴入 (yīnrù) 陽入／阳入 (yángrù)
陰／阴 (yīn) 陽／阳 (yáng)
標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
標調法／标调法 		四角標調法／四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜁◌ ꜂◌ ꜃◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜅ ◌꜆ ◌꜇
The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Mandarin · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
四聲／四声 (sìshēng) 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng)
一聲／一声 		陽平／阳平 (yángpíng)
二聲／二声 (èrshēng) 		上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng)
三聲／三声 (sānshēng) 		去聲／去声 (qùshēng)
四聲／四声 (sìshēng) 		輕聲／轻声 (qīngshēng)

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Proto-Tai: *rɤmᴮ (“shade”)
    • Thai: ร่ม (rôm, “shade, umbrella, parachute”)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

陰

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. hidden
  2. dark
  3. negative

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
陰
かげ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

陰(かげ) • (kage) 

  1. shadow, shade
    木(き)の陰(かげ)
    ki no kage
    a shadow of a tree
  2. hidden side
    陰(かげ)で動(うご)き回(まわ)る
    kage de ugoki mawaru
    maneuver in a hidden side
    陰(かげ)の支(し)配(はい)者(しゃ)
    kage no shihaisha
    a hidden ruler
See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
陰
いん
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Middle Chinese 陰 (ʔˠiɪm).

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

陰(いん) • (in) 

  1. shade; shadow
  2. shadow of the sun; (figuratively) time
  3. secret; unknown
  4. genitalia
  5. negative; “female”; quiescent; minus
  6. (philosophy) yin
  7. north side of mountain; south side of water
  8. the moon

Noun[edit]

陰(いん) • (in) 

  1. (philosophy) yin
  2. (literary) shady area; (陰に) in the shade; secretly; in private

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
陰
ほと
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/hoto2/: *[potə] → [ɸoto] → [hoto]. As indicated in the Wamyōshō citation, /to2/ may be related to 処 (/to1/, “place, location”), but the phonological difference can not be explained. Perhaps related to Korean 보지 (boji, “vagina”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

陰(ほと) • (hoto) 

  1. female genitalia
    • 712, Kojiki
      因生此子、美蕃登此三字以音。見灸而病臥在。
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 712, Kojiki
      逆剥天斑馬剥而、所墮入時、天服織女見驚而、於梭衝陰上而死。訓陰上云富登。
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. (by extension) male genitalia
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎
Synonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 陰 (MC 'im).

Recorded as Middle Korean 隂/ᅙᅳᆷ (Yale: qum) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 隂/음 (um) (Yale: um) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

陰 (eumhun 그늘 음 (geuneul eum))

  1. Hanja form? of 음 (“dark; shady”).
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음각¦陰刻⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음경¦陰莖¦penis⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음계¦陰界⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음극¦陰極⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음기¦陰氣⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음낭¦陰囊⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음덕¦陰德⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음력¦陰曆⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음렬¦陰裂¦pudendal cleft⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음모¦陰毛⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음모¦陰謀⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음문¦陰門⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음밀¦陰密⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음복¦陰伏⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음부¦陰部⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음사¦陰事⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음사¦陰私⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음선¦陰線⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음성¦陰性⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음수¦陰數⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음순¦陰脣¦labia⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음실¦陰室⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음암¦陰暗⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음애¦陰崖⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음양¦陰陽⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음영¦陰影⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음우¦陰佑⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음울¦陰鬱⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음전¦陰電⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음조¦陰助⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음지¦陰地⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음침¦陰沈⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음풍¦陰風⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음해¦陰害⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음핵¦陰核⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음허¦陰虛⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음험¦陰險⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음흉¦陰凶⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦광음¦光陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦녹음¦綠陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦농음¦濃陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦비음¦碑陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦야음¦夜陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦양음¦涼陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦자음¦滋陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦장음¦廧陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦촌음¦寸陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦춘음¦春陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦태음¦太陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦호음¦沍陰⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦회음¦會陰¦perineum⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음경골¦陰莖骨⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음양가¦陰陽家⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음전기¦陰電氣⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음전자¦陰電子⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦대음순¦大陰脣⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦소음순¦小陰脣⦄⦄
  • ⦃⦃ko-l¦태음력¦太陰曆⦄⦄

Etymology 2[edit]

Related to Middle Chinese 闇 (MC 'omH, “dark; gloomy”).

Hanja[edit]

陰 (eumhun 침묵할 암 (chimmukhal am))

  1. (archaic) Hanja form? of 암 (“to be silent”).
Synonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

陰

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Japanese 陰 (hoto).

Noun[edit]

陰(ほー) (hō) 

  1. female genitalia

References[edit]

  • 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎[3], 1963

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

陰: Hán Nôm readings: âm, ơm

  1. chữ Hán form of âm (“yin”).

Compounds[edit]

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