雷

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雷 U+96F7, 雷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F7
← 零
[U+96F6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 雸 →
[U+96F8]
雷 U+F949, 雷
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F949
← 賂
[U+F948] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 壘 →
[U+F94A]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

雷 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月田 (MBW), four-corner 10603, composition ⿱⻗田)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42245
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1881, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4060, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+96F7

Chinese[edit]

trad. 雷
simp. # 雷
alternative forms
 
畾
𡈶
𩇓 ancient
𤴐 ancient
𩂩 ancient
畾
𡈶
𩇓 ancient
𤴐 ancient
𩂩 ancient
𤳳 ancient
䨓 ancient
𩄣 ancient
靁 ancient
㗊 ancient
𤴑 ancient

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (畾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
摞 *roːl, *roːls
騾 *roːl
螺 *roːl
蔂 *roːl, *rul
虆 *roːl, *rul
瘰 *roːlʔ
礌 *ruːl, *ruːls
雷 *ruːl
擂 *ruːl, *ruːls
攂 *ruːl, *ruːls
礧 *ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
儡 *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
瓃 *ruːl, *rul, *ruls
櫑 *ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鑘 *ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鐳 *ruːl
畾 *ruːl
轠 *ruːl, *rulʔ
罍 *ruːl
蕾 *ruːlʔ
癗 *ruːlʔ
磥 *ruːlʔ
累 *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols
儽 *ruːls, *rul
樏 *rolʔ, *rul
鸓 *rul, *rulʔ
嫘 *rul
纍 *rul, *ruls
欙 *rul
纝 *rul
壘 *rulʔ
櫐 *rulʔ
蘽 *rulʔ
藟 *rulʔ
讄 *rulʔ

Ancient simplification of 靁, which was a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl).

Etymology[edit]

The Northern Min initial s- may be due to the loss of a pre-initial which might have been a velar considering dialect forms in Henan, Hebei and Shanxi, e.g. Taiyuan Jin 忽雷 (hueh4 lui1) (Schuessler, 2007).

Perhaps from Sino-Tibetan. Compare Mizo râwl (“voice; cry (of an animal); sound”), Tibetan ཁྲོལ (khrol).

"spoiler"
Clipping of 捏他八雷 (niētābāléi), from Japanese ネタバレ (netabare).
"loyalty"
By homophony of 二 (ji6, “two”) and 義／义 (ji6, “spirit of loyalty”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • lô - literary;
  • sô - vernacular.
Note:
  • lài - vernacular;
  • lòi - literary.
Rime
Character 雷
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 魯回切
Baxter lwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/luʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/luoi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/luɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lwəj/
Li
Rong 		/luᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/luɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/luɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		léi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		leoi4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 雷
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		léi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lwoj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.rˁuj/
English thunder

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 雷
Reading # 1/1
No. 7707
Phonetic
component 		畾
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		雷
Old
Chinese 		/*ruːl/

Definitions[edit]

雷

  1. thunder
    遠雷／远雷  ―  yuǎn léi  ―  distant thunder
    打雷  ―  dǎ léi  ―  to thunder
    平地一聲雷／平地一声雷  ―  píngdì yī shēng léi  ―  a sudden clap of thunder; (fig.) a sudden big change
  2. (in compounds) lightning
    避雷針／避雷针  ―  bìléizhēn  ―  lightning rod
    雷擊／雷击  ―  léijī  ―  lightning strike
  3. (military, weaponry, in compounds) explosive device; mine
    魚雷／鱼雷  ―  yúléi  ―  torpedo
    手雷  ―  shǒuléi  ―  grenade
    雷區／雷区  ―  léiqū  ―  minefield
    排雷  ―  páiléi  ―  to demine
  4. (colloquial) to astonish; to shock
  5. (colloquial) astonishment; surprise
    內容有雷／内容有雷  ―  nèiróng yǒu léi  ―  (slang) shocking content ahead
  6. Short for 雷州 (Léizhōu, “Leizhou”).
    雷劇／雷剧  ―  léijù  ―  Leizhou opera
  7. (neologism) burdensome
  8. (neologism) to be burden to others
  9. (Taiwan, neologism) plot spoiler
    Synonyms: 捏他 (niētā), 劇透／剧透 (jùtòu)
  10. (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) two
  11. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) loyalty
  12. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 雷 (“thunder”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 雷, 震
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 雷
Mandarin Beijing 雷
Taiwan 雷
Tianjin 雷
Tangshan 雷
Cangzhou 雷
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 雷
Baoding 雷
Shijiazhuang 雷
Ulanhot 雷
Tongliao 雷
Chifeng 雷
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 雷
Harbin 雷
Shenyang 雷
Yantai (Muping) 雷
Qingdao 雷
Jinan 雷
Wanrong 雷
Zhengzhou 雷
Xi'an 雷, 呼嚕爺
Yinchuan 雷
Lanzhou 雷
Xining 雷
Ürümqi 雷
Wuhan 雷, 天雷
Chengdu 雷
Nanbu 雷
Muli 雷
Chongqing 雷
Guiyang 雷
Kunming 雷
Guilin 雷
Pingle 雷公
Liuzhou 雷
Luzhai 雷公
Nanning (Wuming) 雷公
Binyang (Nanjie) 雷
Yizhou 雷, 雷公
Luocheng (Dongmen) 雷, 雷公
Tianlin (Langping) 雷
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 雷
Xuzhou 雷
Yangzhou 雷
Nanjing 雷
Hefei 雷
Nantong 雷
Jiangshan (Nianbadu) 雷公
Kaihua (Huabu) 雷公
Yushan (Huaiyu) 雷公
Singapore 雷
Dagudi (Maliba) 雷
Reshuitang (Longling) 雷
Mae Salong (Lancang) 雷
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 雷
Oudomxay 雷
Cantonese Guangzhou 雷, 雷公
Hong Kong 雷
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 雷公
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 雷公
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 雷公
Zhongshan (Chongkoumen Tanka) 雷公, 石湖
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 雷
Taishan (Guanghai) 雷
Dongguan 雷, 雷公
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 雷
Yangjiang 雷公
Nanning 雷, 雷公, 雷婆
Wuzhou 聲雷, 雷公
Yulin 雷公
Hepu (Lianzhou) 雷公
Hepu (Shatian) 雷公
Guiping (Jintian) 雷, 雷公
Guiping (Jiangkou) 雷公
Guiping (Madong) 雷, 雷公
Baise 雷公
Qinzhou 雷公
Qinzhou (Changtan) 雷公
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 雷
Beihai 雷公
Beihai (Nankang) 雷公
Beihai (Yingpan) 雷公
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 雷公
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 雷公
Chongzuo (Laituan) 雷
Fusui (Qujiu) 雷公
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 雷
Danzhou 雷
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 雷
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 雷公
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 雷公
Móng Cái 雷
Mandalay (Taishan) 雷
Bangkok (Guangfu) 雷公
Gan Nanchang 雷
Pengze 雷
Lichuan 雷公
Pingxiang 雷, 雷公
Hakka Meixian 雷公, 雷
Liancheng (Peitian) 雷公
Yudu 雷公
Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng) 雷公
Hong Kong 雷公
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 雷
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 雷公
Lipu (Dashigu) 雷
Pingle (Tong'an) 雷, 雷公
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 雷公
Guidong 雷公
Senai (Huiyang) 雷公
Mempawah (Meixian) 雷公
Bangkok (Meixian) 雷公
Bangkok (Jiexi) 雷公
Huizhou Jixi 天雷, 雷
Shexian 天雷
Shexian (Xianggao) 雷
Shexian (Daguyun) 天雷, 雷
Jin Taiyuan 忽雷, 雷
Datong 雷聲
Xinzhou 忽雷, 雷
Changzhi 忽雷
Taibus (Baochang) 雷
Linhe 雷
Jining 雷
Hohhot 雷, 雷聲
Baotou 雷
Dongsheng 雷
Haibowan 雷
Zhangjiakou 雷
Handan 雷
Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 風暴, 天雷
Jinhua 天雷
Lanxi 天雷
Tunxi 風暴
Northern Min Jian'ou 雷公, 雷
Pucheng (Shibei) 雷公, 雷
Eastern Min Fuzhou 雷公, 雷
Southern Min Xiamen 雷公, 雷
Quanzhou 雷公, 雷
Yongchun 雷公
Zhangzhou 雷公, 雷
Taipei (Wanhua) 雷公
Kaohsiung 雷公
Yilan 雷公
Changhua (Lukang) 雷公
Taichung 雷公
Taichung (Wuqi) 雷公
Tainan 雷公
Taitung 雷公
Hsinchu 雷公
Penghu (Magong) 雷公
Manila (Hokkien) 雷公, 雷
Longyan 雷公
Pingnan (Pingtian) 雷
Guiping (Xiaowen) 雷, 雷公
Guiping (Dongsheng) 雷公
Guilin (Biyange) 雷公
Hangzhou (Pingfeng) 雷公
Chaozhou 雷公
Shantou 雷, 雷公
Shantou (Chenghai) 雷公
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 雷公
Nan'ao (Yun'ao) 雷公
Jieyang 雷公
Puning 雷公
Bangkok (Teochew) 雷公
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 雷
Hat Yai (Teochew) 雷公
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 雷公
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 雷公
Pontianak (Teochew) 雷公
Leizhou 雷
Wenchang 雷公
Haikou 雷公
Wanning 雷
Puxian Min Xianyou 雷公, 雷
Central Min Yanping (Wangtai) 雷公
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 雷, 雷公
Binyang 雷
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dabu) 雷公
Guilin (Qianjing) 雷公
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 雷, 雷公
Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) 雷
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 雷公, 雷
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 雷
Quanzhou (Wenqiao) 雷
Shehua Fu'an 雷公
Fuding 雷公
Luoyuan 雷公
Sanming 雷公
Shunchang 靈公
Hua'an 雷公
Guixi (Zhangping) 雷公
Cangnan 雷公
Jingning 雷公
Lishui 雷公
Longyou 雷公
Chaozhou 雷公
Fengshun 雷公
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 䨨
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 䨨
Luxi (Baisha) 䨨
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 䨨
Luxi (Lijiatian) 䨨
Chengbu (Xuntou) 䨨
Wu Shanghai 雷
Shanghai (Chongming) 陣頭
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 雷
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) 雷
Shanghai (Songjiang) 雷
Suzhou 雷
Wuxi 雷
Kunshan 雷
Jiaxing 雷
Changzhou 雷, 陣頭
Liyang 雷
Yixing 陣頭, 雷
Danyang 雷, 陣頭
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) 雷, 陣雷
Jingjiang 雷
Jiangyin 雷動
Huzhou (Shuanglin) 雷, 雷公
Hangzhou 雷, 雷公公, 雷公
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 雷, 雷公菩薩
Shaoxing 雷, 大雷
Zhuji (Wangjiajing) 天雷
Shengzhou (Chongren) 雷
Shengzhou (Taiping) 雷公
Ningbo 雷
Yuyao 動雷
Huangyan 雷, 雷響巧
Wenzhou 雷
Quzhou 雷, 雷公
Jiangshan 雷, 雷公
Jinhua 天雷, 雷
Jinhua (Tangxi) 天雷鼓
Yiwu 雷公菩薩
Yongkang 雷公
Xiang Changsha 雷
Xiangxiang 雷
Shuangfeng 雷
Hengshan 雷, 雷公
Hengshan (Baiguo) 雷, 雷公
Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 雷

Usage notes[edit]

  • As a noun on its own, 雷 (léi) refers to thunder. In compounds, however, this character may also refer to lightning.
  • Not all military explosive devices are called 雷 (léi). Another commonly used name is 彈／弹 (dàn), which is more often used with propelled explosive weapons.

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

雷

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. thunder, lightning bolt

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia Wikipedia
雷 (kaminari, kannari, ikazuchi, narukami, rai): thunder and lightning.
Kanji in this term
雷
かみなり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 神(かみ) (kami, “god, spirit”) + 鳴(な)り (nari, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 鳴(な)る (naru)).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

雷(かみなり) • (kaminari) 

  1. thunder (loud sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air)
    Synonym: 雷鳴 (raimei)
  2. lightning, thunderbolt
    Synonyms: 電, 稲妻 (inazuma); 稲光 (inabikari); 落雷 (rakurai)
    • 1999 February 4, “サンダー・キッズ [Thunder Kid]”, in Vol.1, Konami:
      雷(かみなり)をからだの中(なか)に蓄(ちく)電(でん)させている。泣(な)かせたときは危(き)険(けん)。
      Kaminari o karada no naka ni chikuden saseteiru. Nakaseta toki wa kiken.
      He stores lightning inside his body. He’s very dangerous when he cries.
    • 1999 March 1, “エレキッズ [Elekid]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
      雷(かみなり)攻(こう)撃(げき)は意(い)外(がい)と強(つよ)い。甘(あま)く見(み)ると感(かん)電(でん)するぞ。
      Kaminarikōgeki wa igai to tsuyoi. Amaku miru to kanden suru zo.
      It has a surprisingly powerful lightning attack. However, its electrocution tends to be underestimated.
  3. thunder god
Usage notes[edit]

This kaminari reading is the most common reading when used as a standalone noun.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms[edit]
See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
雷
かんなり
Grade: S
irregular
Alternative spellings
雷鳴り
雷鳴

/kaminari/ → /kamʉnari/ → /kanːari/

Shift in pronunciation from kaminari above.[1][3]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

雷(かんなり) • (kannari) 

  1. (rare, archaic) Same as かみなり (kaminari) above
Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

雷(かんなり) • (Kannari) 

  1. (rare, archaic) Short for 雷鳴の壺 (Kannari no Tsubo): one of the five buildings in the imperial palace in 平安京 (Heian-kyō), modern-day Kyoto

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
雷
いかずち
Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨ika tu ti⟩ → ⟨ikaduti⟩ → /ikad͡ʑut͡ɕi/ → /ikaʑut͡ɕi/

From Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of 厳(いか) (ika, “sternness, terribleness, imposingness”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 霊(ち) (chi, “spirit, force, essence”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

雷(いかずち) • (ikazuchi) ←いかづち (ikaduti)?

  1. (archaic) thunder
  2. (obsolete) something ferocious and imposing, a demon or devil

Proper noun[edit]

雷(いかずち) • (Ikazuchi) ←いかづち (ikaduti)?

  1. a surname

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
雷
なるかみ
Grade: S
irregular
Alternative spellings
鳴る神
鳴神

Compound of 鳴(な)る (naru, “to cry out, to call”) + 神(かみ) (kami, “god, spirit”).[1][3]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [na̠ɾɯ̟ᵝka̠mʲi]

Noun[edit]

雷(なるかみ) • (narukami) 

  1. (rare) thunder (the sound)
  2. (rare) lightning, a thunderbolt

Proper noun[edit]

雷(なるかみ) • (Narukami) 

  1. one of the eighteen styles of kabuki
    This sense is more commonly spelled as 鳴神.

Etymology 5[edit]

Kanji in this term
雷
らい
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 雷 (MC lwoj).

Compare modern Mandarin 雷 (léi) and Cantonese 雷 (leoi4).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

雷(らい) • (rai) 

  1. a thunder
  2. lightning
Usage notes[edit]

Used more in compounds than on its own. As a standalone noun, the kaminari reading is the most common.

Derived terms[edit]

Affix[edit]

雷(らい) • (rai) 

  1. thunder
  2. thunderous, noisy
  3. famous
  4. large, explosive weapon

Proper noun[edit]

雷(らい) • (Rai) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Kikai[edit]

Kanji[edit]

雷

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Noun[edit]

雷(はんまい) (hanmai) 

  1. thunder

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 雷 (MC lwoj). Recorded as Middle Korean 뢰 (lwoy) (Yale: lwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

雷 (eumhun 우레 뢰 (ure roe), South Korea 우레 뇌 (ure noe))

  1. Hanja form? of 뢰/뇌 (“thunder; lightning bolt”).
    Synonym: 震 (진 (jin))

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

雷

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Japanese 雷 (kaminari).

Noun[edit]

雷(かんない) (kannai) 

  1. thunder

References[edit]

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Originally a compound of 嚴 (ika, “sternness, terribleness, imposingness”) +‎ つ (tu, possessive particle) +‎ 靈 (ti, “spirit, force, essence”).[1][2][3]

Noun[edit]

雷 (ikaduti) (kana いかづち)

  1. thunder
  2. demon or devil

Descendants[edit]

  • Japanese: 雷 (ikazuchi)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Motoori Norinaga (2007) Michael F. Marra, editor, The Poetics of Motoori Norinaga: A Hermeneutical Journey, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 230

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

雷: Hán Nôm readings: lôi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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