需

需 U+9700, 需 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9700 ← 雿 [U+96FF] CJK Unified Ideographs 霁 → [U+9701]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

需 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一月一月中 (MBMBL), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿱⻗而)

Derived characters

• 儒, 嚅, 壖, 嬬, 孺, 嶿, 𢐰, 懦, 擩, 濡, 獳, 隭, 曘, 檽, 𭮥, 燸, 㹘, 瓀, 臑, 㽭, 𥀭, 𥌎, 𥎘, 𥐎, 礝, 𥜗, 穤, 䇕, 襦, 糯, 繻(𦈡), 羺, 蠕, 譳(𰶌), 䞕, 𫏧, 轜, 醹, 𥤃, 鑐(𰿂), 𩍥, 𫗜, 𩪰, 鱬(𱈗), 𪎱
• 𩆟, 𩴶, 𠟺, 𠧍, 𥀫, 𩆊, 䨲, 顬(颥), 𠣉, 䰰, 薷, 䰑, 𤻪, 𪋯, 𨷘, 𪴠

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1373, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42275
• Dae Jaweon: page 1883, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4062, character 2
• Unihan data for U+9700

Chinese

trad.		需
simp. #		需
alternative forms		耎 𦓔 𩂉

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 需
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (需) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
羺	*noː
獳	*noː
擩	*noːs, *njoʔ, *njos, *njul, *njod
譳	*noːs
懦	*noːls, *njo
糯	*noːls
需	*sno
繻	*sno, *njo
鑐	*sno
儒	*njo
濡	*njo, *noːn
襦	*njo
嚅	*njo
顬	*njo
鱬	*njo
嬬	*njo
臑	*njo
醹	*njo, *njoʔ
蠕	*njo
孺	*njos

In bronze inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person (天) under the rain (雨) – "to wait until the rain is over; to get wet", original character of 濡. The component 天 corrupted into 而 during the Han dynasty.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sî
• Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̆
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): su / si

  (Teochew, Peng'im): su¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹shiu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xū
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syu
    • Wade–Giles: hsü¹
    • Yale: syū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
    • Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: seoi¹
    • Yale: sēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî
    • Hakka Romanization System: xi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /si²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
    • Tâi-lô: su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sw
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
    • Tâi-lô: si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: su¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: su
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹shiu
    • MiniDict: shiu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xy
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕy⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: sju

Rime
Character	需
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	相俞切
Baxter	sju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/sio/
Shao Rongfen	/sio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suə̆/
Li Rong	/sio/
Wang Li	/sĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seoi1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-no/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sno/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	需
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xū
Middle Chinese	‹ sju ›
Old Chinese	/*s-no/
English	wait
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	需
Reading #	1/1
No.	13966
Phonetic component	需
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	須
Old Chinese	/*sno/
Notes	說文而聲，甲金文象人受淋， 爲濡初文，本從大非而，隸變爲需耎而下而

Definitions

需

1. to await
2. to need; to require
3. necessaries; necessities
4. should; ought to; must
5. fifth hexagram of the I Ching

Usage notes

For the sense of "need", this word is frequently mistaken with 須／须 (xū). 需 is usually followed by a noun while 須／须 is usually followed by a verb or an adverb.

Compounds

• 不時之需／不时之需 (bùshízhīxū)
• 不需要
• 些需
• 亟需
• 供需 (gōngxū)
• 供需失衡
• 供需失調／供需失调
• 各取所需 (gèqǔsuǒxū)
• 契需
• 少需
• 必需 (bìxū)
• 必需品 (bìxūpǐn)
• 急需 (jíxū)
• 按需分配 (ànxūfēnpèi)
• 摩厲以需／摩厉以需
• 毋需
• 濡需
• 無需／无需 (wúxū)
• 百需
• 相需
• 科需
• 罷需／罢需
• 要需
• 謙需／谦需
• 軍需／军需 (jūnxū)
• 邊需／边需
• 需勒
• 需少
• 需弱
• 需役
• 需才孔亟
• 需次
• 需款孔急
• 需求 (xūqiú)
• 需沙出穴
• 需滯／需滞
• 需用
• 需索
• 需緩／需缓
• 需要 (xūyào)
• 需銓／需铨
• 需雲／需云
• 需頭／需头

 

References

• “需”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04476

Japanese

Kanji

需

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. demand
2. request
3. need

Readings

• Go-on: す (su)
• Kan-on: しゅ (shu)
• Kan’yō-on: じゅ (ju, Jōyō)
• Kun: もとめる (motomeru, 需める); ぬれる (nureru); まつ (matsu)

Korean

Hanja

需 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

需: Hán Nôm readings: nhu

1. need; necessity

Compounds

• 需求 (nhu cầu)
• 需要 (nhu yếu)
• 需要品 (nhu yếu phẩm)
• 需費 (nhu phí)