靴

靴 U+9774, 靴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9774 ← 靳 [U+9773] CJK Unified Ideographs 靵 → [U+9775]

Translingual

Han character

靴 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿十人心 (TJOP), four-corner 4451₀, composition ⿰革化)

Derived characters

• 㗾, 𢶤, 𬩑, 𫫸, 𬆌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1385, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42729
• Dae Jaweon: page 1900, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4327, character 21
• Unihan data for U+9774

Chinese

trad.		靴
simp. #		靴
2nd round simp.		𰆳
alternative forms		鞾／靴 𩎁 韡／𮧵 𩍇 𡲲 鞾／靴 𩎁 韡／𮧵 𩍇 𡲲 㞜 𩋖 𩋾 𩍍

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
訛	*ŋʷaːl
吪	*ŋʷaːl
鈋	*ŋʷaːl
囮	*lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤	*ŋʷaːl
靴	*hʷa
貨	*hŋʷaːls
花	*hʷraː
化	*hŋʷraːls
杹	*hŋʷraːls
匕	*pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hʷa) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xuē (xue¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xue¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoe¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hie¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): xye¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hiô

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hio¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): xye¹
• Northern Min (KCR): hió̤
• Eastern Min (BUC): kuŏ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hia / hio

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hia¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹shio; ¹shioe
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xya¹ / xye¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xuē
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syue
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh¹
    • Yale: sywē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiue
    • Palladius: сюэ (sjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xue¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xye
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕye⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoe¹
    • Yale: hēu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoe¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hê¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœː⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hie¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiɛ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xye¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕye⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiô
    • Hakka Romanization System: hio´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hio¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯o²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hio¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hio⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xye¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕye¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hió̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɔ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kuŏ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuo⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia
    • Tâi-lô: hia
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hia³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hia⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hio
    • Tâi-lô: hio
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hioy
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hio³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hio⁴⁴/

Note:

• hia - vernacular;
• hio - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: hia¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hia
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hia³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹shio; ¹shioe
    • MiniDict: shio^平; shioe^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xio; ¹xyoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕio⁵³/, /ɕyø⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: xya¹ / xye¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯a̠³³/, /ɕy̯e̞³³/

Note:

• xya1 - vernacular;
• xye1 - literary.

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 靴
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕyɛ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕye²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕyə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɕyə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕyɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕyɛ²¹/
	Xining	/ɕyu⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕye⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕyə³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕyɤ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕye⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕye⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕie⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ɕye³¹/
	Hefei	/sz̩ʷ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕye¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕye̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕye³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕyø⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ɕio⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩ʷ³³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕy³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕya³¹/
	Tunxi	/ɕyɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕye³³/ /ɕya³³/
	Xiangtan	/ɕyɒ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕye⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hio⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/hio²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hœ⁵³/
	Nanning	/hœ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hœ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hia⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰuo⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xiɔ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hia³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xue²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xjwa

Rime
Character	靴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	戈 (97)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許𦚢切
Baxter	xjwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷiɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/xiuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hua/
Li Rong	/xiuɑ/
Wang Li	/xĭuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯wɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xuē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoe1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*hʷa/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靴
Reading #	1/1
No.	5324
Phonetic component	化
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	鞾
Old Chinese	/*hʷa/
Notes	同鞾

Definitions

靴

1. boot (footwear)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 靴子 (“boot”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		靴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		靴子
Mandarin	Beijing	靴子
	Taiwan	靴子
	Jinan	靴子
	Luoyang	靴仔
	Wanrong	靴子
	Xi'an	靴子
	Yinchuan	靴子
	Lanzhou	靴子
	Xining	靴子
	Wuhan	靴子
	Chengdu	靴子
	Guilin	靴子
	Yangzhou	靴子
	Hefei	深筒鞋, 深筒靴
	Singapore	靴子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	靴
	Hong Kong	靴
	Dongguan	靴
	Yangjiang	靴
Gan	Nanchang	靴子
	Lichuan	靴仔
Hakka	Meixian	靴仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	靴仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	靴仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	靴仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	靴
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	靴仔
Huizhou	Jixi	靴
Jin	Taiyuan	靴子
	Xinzhou	靴兒子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	靴
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	靴
Southern Min	Xiamen	靴
	Tainan	靴
	Chaozhou	靴
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	靴
Wu	Shanghai	靴
	Suzhou	靴
	Danyang	靴
	Wenzhou	靴
Xiang	Changsha	靴子
	Shuangfeng	靴子

Trivia

This is one of the few characters with a -üe final in Mandarin that did not have an entering tone in Middle Chinese.

Compounds

• 亂穿靴／乱穿靴
• 倒脫靴／倒脱靴
• 內城京靴／内城京靴
• 六合靴
• 割靴子
• 割靴腰子
• 吉莫靴
• 同靴
• 宮靴／宫靴
• 弓靴
• 戰靴／战靴 (zhànxuē)
• 探空靴
• 捧靴
• 掛靴／挂靴 (guàxuē)
• 暖靴
• 暐靴／𬀩靴
• 朝靴
• 檀木靴
• 油靴
• 烏靴／乌靴
• 皂靴 (zàoxuē)
• 皮靴 (píxuē)
• 皮靴頁兒／皮靴页儿
• 破靴陣／破靴阵
• 破靴黨／破靴党
• 穿靴戴帽
• 線靴／线靴
• 脫靴／脱靴
• 舞靴
• 蠻靴／蛮靴
• 袍靴
• 褲靴／裤靴
• 豪豬靴／豪猪靴
• 釘靴／钉靴
• 錦靴／锦靴
• 隔靴抓痒
• 隔靴抓癢／隔靴抓痒
• 隔靴搔癢／隔靴搔痒 (géxuēsāoyǎng)
• 隔靴爬痒
• 雨靴 (yǔxuē)
• 革靴
• 靴兄弟
• 靴刀
• 靴刀誓死
• 靴匠 (xuējiàng)
• 靴城
• 靴子 (xuēzi)
• 靴屋
• 靴履
• 靴工
• 靴帕
• 靴後跟／靴后跟
• 靴扇
• 靴掖
• 靴文
• 靴服
• 靴板
• 靴桶
• 靴皮
• 靴笏
• 靴筒
• 靴筩／靴筒
• 靴簡／靴简
• 靴紋／靴纹
• 靴紋縐面／靴纹绉面
• 靴統／靴统
• 靴腳／靴脚
• 靴腰子
• 靴行
• 靴衫
• 靴袍
• 靴褲／靴裤
• 靴雍
• 靴靿
• 靴頁／靴页
• 靴鼻
• 鞭靴
• 飛鳳靴／飞凤靴
• 馬靴／马靴 (mǎxuē)
• 鵠觜靴／鹄觜靴
• 鸞靴／鸾靴
• 麂靴

 

References

• “靴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

靴

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kun: くつ (kutsu, 靴, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
靴
くつ Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 靴 – see the following entry.

【くつ】 [noun] 靴: footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes

(This term, 靴, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

靴 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

1. (가죽 신 화, gajuk-sin-): footwear made of leather

Compounds

• 木靴 (목화, mokhwa) The courtesy footwear in the Eastern tradition, as worn by courtiers, somewhat similar to the moccasin made of deerskin.
• 洋靴 (양화, yanghwa) Western shoes, boots
• 運動靴 (운동화, undonghwa) sneakers, trainers, athletic shoes
• 長靴 (장화, janghwa) boots

Okinawan

Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ふや.

Noun

靴(ふや) (fuya) 

1. shoe

Vietnamese

Han character

靴: Hán Nôm readings: ngoa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.