麻

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See also: 蔴, 菻, 厤, and 痳
麻 U+9EBB, 麻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EBB
← 麺
[U+9EBA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 麼 →
[U+9EBC]
⿇ U+2FC7, ⿇
KANGXI RADICAL HEMP
← ⿆
[U+2FC6] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿈ →
[U+2FC8]
麻 U+2FA15, 麻
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA15
← 𪊑
[U+2FA14] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 䵖 →
[U+2FA16]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Japanese 麻
Simplified 麻
Traditional 麻

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 200 麻

麻 (Kangxi radical 200, 麻+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈木木 (IDD) or 戈十金金 (IJCC), four-corner 00294, composition ⿸广林(GJV) or ⿸广𣏟(HTK))

  1. Kangxi radical #200, ⿇.

Derived characters[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1515, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47888
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2044, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4723, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9EBB

Chinese[edit]

trad. 麻
simp. # 麻
alternative forms 蔴／麻
痲／痳

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 麻
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
麻 *mraːl
痲 *mraːl
犘 *mraːl
縻 *mral
醿 *mral
爢 *mral
蘼 *mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡 *mralʔ
摩 *maːl, *maːls
魔 *maːl
磨 *maːl, *maːls
劘 *maːl
麽 *maːl
麼 *maːlʔ
塺 *maːls, *mɯːl
麾 *hmral

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 厂 + 𣏟: a representation of hemp leaves.

Etymology[edit]

Etymology not clear, however PKS *Ɂŋra¹ ‘sesame’ looks remotely similar to OC.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: muài - vernacular, mà - literary.
Note: môa, bâ - vernacular, mâ - literary.
Rime
Character 麻
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 莫霞切
Baxter mae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mˠa/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ma/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/maɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ma/
Wang
Li 		/ma/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ma/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		má
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		maa4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 麻
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		má
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.mˁraj/
English hemp

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 麻
Reading # 1/1
No. 8694
Phonetic
component 		麻
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		麻
Old
Chinese 		/*mraːl/

Definitions[edit]

麻

  1. general name for hemp, flax, jute, etc.
    大麻  ―  dàmá  ―  hemp; cannabis
    黃麻／黄麻  ―  huángmá  ―  jute
    亞麻／亚麻  ―  yàmá  ―  flax
  2. hemp fibre; linen
    麻布  ―  mábù  ―  sackcloth; linen
    麻繩／麻绳  ―  máshéng  ―  hemp rope
  3. (historical, obsolete) hemp band worn on the head or waist by a mourner
  4. mourning garment; mourning apparel
    披麻戴孝  ―  pīmádàixiào  ―  to wear the hemp garments of mourning
  5. (historical) imperial edict
  6. Short for 芝麻 (zhīma, “sesame”).
    麻油  ―  máyóu  ―  sesame oil
  7. numerous; chaotic
  8. coarse; rough
  9. spotty; pitted
    麻雀  ―  máquè  ―  sparrow
  10. (traditional Chinese medicine) Short for 麻疹 (mázhěn, “measles”).
  11. pockmark; pock
    麻子  ―  mázǐ  ―  pockmark; pockmarked person
    麻臉／麻脸  ―  máliǎn  ―  pockmarked face
  12. numb; senseless
    麻痺／麻痹  ―  mábì  ―  paralysis
    麻藥／麻药  ―  máyào  ―  anesthetic
    我的腿都坐麻了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ de tuǐ dōu zuò má le. [Pinyin]
    My legs have gone numb while sitting.
  13. (of foods) having the taste like one of Sichuan pepper
    麻辣  ―  málà  ―  Sichuan pepper-y and spicy
    舌頭發麻／舌头发麻  ―  shétóu fāmá  ―  to have a tingling tongue
  14. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 芝麻 (“sesame”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 芝麻, 胡麻
Mandarin Beijing 芝麻
Taiwan 芝麻
Langfang 芝麻
Tangshan 芝麻
Cangzhou 芝麻
Baoding 芝麻
Shijiazhuang 芝麻
Daming 芝麻
Harbin 芝麻
Yantai (Muping) 芝麻
Jinan 芝麻
Luoyang 芝麻
Wanrong 芝麻
Xi'an 芝麻
Yinchuan 芝麻
Lanzhou 芝麻
Xining 芝麻
Ürümqi 芝麻
Wuhan 芝麻, 麻子
Chengdu 芝麻
Kunming 芝麻
Guilin 芝麻
Liuzhou 芝麻, 油麻
Xuzhou 芝麻
Yangzhou 芝麻
Nanjing 芝麻
Hefei 芝麻
Singapore 芝麻
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 芝麻
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 芝麻
Mae Salong (Lancang) 芝麻
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 芝麻
Pematangsiantar 芝麻
Cantonese Guangzhou 芝麻
Hong Kong 芝麻
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 芝麻
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 芝麻
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 芝麻
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 芝麻
Macau 芝麻
Guangzhou (Panyu) 芝麻
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 芝麻
Guangzhou (Conghua) 芝麻
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 芝麻
Foshan 芝麻
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 芝麻
Foshan (Shunde) 芝麻
Foshan (Sanshui) 芝麻
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 芝麻
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 芝麻
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 芝麻
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 芝麻
Zhuhai (Doumen) 芝麻
Jiangmen (Baisha) 芝麻
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 芝麻
Taishan 芝麻
Kaiping (Chikan) 芝麻
Enping (Niujiang) 芝麻
Heshan (Yayao) 芝麻
Dongguan 油麻
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 油麻
Qingyuan 芝麻
Fogang 芝麻
Yingde (Hanguang) 芝麻
Yangshan 芝麻
Lianshan (Butian) 麻子
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 麻子
Shaoguan 芝麻
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 芝麻
Renhua 芝麻
Lechang 芝麻
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 芝麻
Sihui 芝麻
Guangning 芝麻
Deqing 芝麻
Huaiji 芝麻
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 麻仔
Yunfu 油麻
Xinxing 芝麻
Luoding 芝麻
Yunan (Pingtai) 芝麻
Yangjiang 油麻
Xinyi 芝麻
Lianjiang 芝麻
Nanning 芝麻
Wuzhou 芝麻
Yulin 芝麻
Hepu (Lianzhou) 芝麻, 油麻
Hepu (Shatian) 油麻
Beihai 油麻
Beihai (Nankang) 油麻
Beihai (Yingpan) 油麻
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 芝麻, 油麻
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 芝麻
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 芝麻, 油麻
Danzhou 油麻
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 芝麻
Singapore (Guangfu) 芝麻
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 芝麻
Móng Cái 芝麻, 油麻
Bangkok (Guangfu) 芝麻
Gan Nanchang 芝麻
Lichuan 麻仔, 芝麻
Pingxiang 芝麻, 麻子
Hakka Meixian 麻仔, 麻
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 油麻
Dongguan (Qingxi) 油麻
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 油麻
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 油麻
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 芝麻
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 麻哩
Wuhua (Huacheng) 麻哩
Wuhua (Changbu) 油麻哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 麻哩
Conghua (Lütian) 油麻
Jiexi 油麻
Ninghua 麻仔
Yudu 芝麻
Shicheng 麻
Shangyou (Shexi) 麻子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麻仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 麻仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 麻仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 麻
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 麻仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 麻子
Hong Kong 油麻
Luchuan (Daqiao) 芝麻
Sabah (Longchuan) 芝麻, 麻
Senai (Huiyang) 油麻
Singkawang 油麻
Bangkok (Jiexi) 油麻
Huizhou Jixi 油麻
Jin Taiyuan 芝麻
Pingyao 芝麻
Xinzhou 芝麻
Hohhot 芝麻
Zhangjiakou 芝麻
Handan 芝麻
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 芝麻
Northern Min Jian'ou 麻仔
Jianyang 麻仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 芝麻, 油麻
Fuqing 油麻
Southern Min Xiamen 麻
Quanzhou 麻
Jinjiang 油麻
Zhangzhou 麻
Dongshan 麻
Penang (Hokkien) 麻
Singapore (Hokkien) 麻, 油麻
Manila (Hokkien) 麻
Longyan 油麻
Datian 油麻
Pingnan (Shangdu) 油麻
Chaozhou 油麻
Shantou 油麻
Shantou (Chenghai) 油麻
Shantou (Chaoyang) 油麻
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 油麻
Nan'ao (Yun'ao) 油麻
Jieyang 油麻
Lufeng 油麻
Haifeng 油麻
Bangkok (Teochew) 油麻
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 油麻
Pontianak (Teochew) 油麻
Leizhou 麻葈
Wenchang 油麻
Haikou 油麻
Puxian Min Putian 芝麻
Xianyou 油麻
Central Min Yong'an 麻, 油麻
Sanyuan 麻
Shaxian 麻
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 油麻
Sanxiang 油麻
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 芝麻
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 油麻
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 芝麻
Wu Shanghai 芝麻
Shanghai (Chongming) 芝麻
Suzhou 芝麻
Danyang 芝麻
Hangzhou 芝麻
Ningbo 芝麻
Wenzhou 芝麻
Jinhua 油麻
Xiang Changsha 芝麻
Loudi 油麻籽
Shuangfeng 油麻, 芝麻
Quanzhou 油麻

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 麻
Kyūjitai
[1]
麻󠄁
麻+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
麻󠄃
麻+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

麻

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
麻
あさ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Likely cognate with Korean 삼 (sam, “hemp”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

麻(あさ) • (asa) 

  1. hemp
  2. flax
  3. linen
Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

麻(あさ) • (Asa) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
麻
お
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese 麻 (wo).[4]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

麻(お) • (o) ←を (wo)?

  1. the hemp or ramie plant
  2. thread or yarn made from fibers derived from the bark of hemp or ramie stems

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
麻
そ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Possibly from an altered pronunciation of asa.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

麻(そ) • (so) 

  1. hemp
Usage notes[edit]

Most often found in compounds.

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
麻
ま
Grade: S
kan’yōon

From Middle Chinese 麻 (MC mae, “hemp”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

麻(ま) • (ma) 

  1. hemp (plant)
  2. the bark of the hemp plant
  3. thread, yarn, or cloth made from the hemp fiber, used in the past for mourning clothes in China
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2428 (paper), page 1266 (digital)
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  • Tsukishima, Hiroshi (c. 800) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

麻 (eumhun 삼 마 (sam ma))

  1. Hanja form? of 마 (“hemp, jute, flax”).
  2. Hanja form? of 마 (“sesame”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

麻: Hán Nôm readings: ma, mà, mơ

  1. chữ Hán form of ma (“hemp, jute; sesame”).

Compounds[edit]

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