ζάφελος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ζᾰφελής (zaphelḗs)

Etymology

The word is little attested alone and thus its origin remains unknown. Perhaps the first part corresponds to ζα- (za-), the Aeolic form of δια- (dia-, “through”). Furnée suggests connection with ζάψ (záps, “surf”), and takes it as Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /zdá.pʰe.los/ → /ˈza.ɸe.los/ → /ˈza.fe.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /zdá.pʰe.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈza.pʰe.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈza.ɸe.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈza.fe.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈza.fe.los/

Adjective

ζᾰ́φελος • (záphelos) m or f (neuter ζᾰ́φελον); second declension

1. violent

Declension

Second declension of ζᾰ́φελος; ζᾰ́φελον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ζᾰ́φελος záphelos	ζᾰ́φελον záphelon		ζᾰφέλω zaphélō	ζᾰφέλω zaphélō		ζᾰ́φελοι zápheloi	ζᾰ́φελᾰ záphela
Genitive		ζᾰφέλου zaphélou	ζᾰφέλου zaphélou		ζᾰφέλοιν zaphéloin	ζᾰφέλοιν zaphéloin		ζᾰφέλων zaphélōn	ζᾰφέλων zaphélōn
Dative		ζᾰφέλῳ zaphélōi	ζᾰφέλῳ zaphélōi		ζᾰφέλοιν zaphéloin	ζᾰφέλοιν zaphéloin		ζᾰφέλοις zaphélois	ζᾰφέλοις zaphélois
Accusative		ζᾰ́φελον záphelon	ζᾰ́φελον záphelon		ζᾰφέλω zaphélō	ζᾰφέλω zaphélō		ζᾰφέλους zaphélous	ζᾰ́φελᾰ záphela
Vocative		ζᾰ́φελε záphele	ζᾰ́φελον záphelon		ζᾰφέλω zaphélō	ζᾰφέλω zaphélō		ζᾰ́φελοι zápheloi	ζᾰ́φελᾰ záphela
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ζᾰφέλως zaphélōs			ζᾰφελώτερος zaphelṓteros			ζᾰφελώτᾰτος zaphelṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἐπῐζᾰ́φελος (epizáphelos)

Further reading

• “ζάφελος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ζάφελος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN