сакам

Bulgarian

Etymology

Disputed:

• Mladenov: vṛddhi-derivation from Proto-Slavic *sočiti (“to accuse, to claim”) + -ам (-am). The original meaning with either “to claim” or “to follow, to pursue”.
• Mirčev: Related to dialectal Bulgarian ся́кам (sjákam, “to reckon, to estimate”).
• Mazon, Vaillant: Possibly grammaticalized from the reduced grade *jьskа- > *ska- of the archaic (ablauting) aorist of Bulgarian и́скам (ískam, “to seek”). Note that the contemporary language has generalized the e-grade throughout the whole paradigm.
• Jireček: Borrowed from Gothic 𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (sōkjan, “to seek”).

Cognate with Macedonian сака (saka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsakɐm]

Verb

са́кам • (sákam) first-singular present indicative, impf (dialectal)

1. (transitive) to want, to desire
2. (transitive) to require, to demand, to call for, to ask for
3. (reflexive with се) (+ personal pronoun in dat.) to wish, to yearn

   са́ка ми се ― sáka mi se ― [I] would like

Conjugation

    Conjugation of са́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	са́кащ sákašt	са́кал, сака́л1 sákal, sakál1	са́кал sákal	са́кан sákan		са́кайки sákajki
	definite subject form	са́кащият sákaštijat	са́калият, сака́лият1 sákalijat, sakálijat1	—	са́каният sákanijat
	definite object form	са́кащия sákaštija	са́калия, сака́лия1 sákalija, sakálija1	—	са́кания sákanija
feminine	indefinite	са́каща sákašta	са́кала, сака́ла1 sákala, sakála1	са́кала sákala	са́кана sákana
	definite	са́кащата sákaštata	са́калата, сака́лата1 sákalata, sakálata1	—	са́каната sákanata
neuter	indefinite	са́кащо sákašto	са́кало, сака́ло1 sákalo, sakálo1	са́кало sákalo	са́кано sákano	са́кане sákane
	definite	са́кащото sákaštoto	са́калото, сака́лото1 sákaloto, sakáloto1	—	са́каното sákanoto	са́кането sákaneto
plural	indefinite	са́кащи sákašti	са́кали, сака́ли1 sákali, sakáli1	са́кали sákali	са́кани sákani	са́кания, са́канета sákanija, sákaneta
	definite	са́кащите sákaštite	са́калите, сака́лите1 sákalite, sakálite1	—	са́каните sákanite	са́канията, са́канетата sákanijata, sákanetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		са́кам sákam	са́каш sákaš	са́ка sáka	са́каме sákame	са́кате sákate	са́кат sákat
imperfect		са́ках sákah	са́каше sákaše	са́каше sákaše	са́кахме sákahme	са́кахте sákahte	са́каха sákaha
aorist		са́ках, сака́х1 sákah, sakáh1	са́ка, сака́1 sáka, saká1	са́ка, сака́1 sáka, saká1	са́кахме, сака́хме1 sákahme, sakáhme1	са́кахте, сака́хте1 sákahte, sakáhte1	са́каха, сака́ха1 sákaha, sakáha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and са́кал m, са́кала f, са́кало n, or са́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and са́кал m, са́кала f, са́кало n, or са́кали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and са́кал m, са́кала f, са́кало n, or са́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and са́кал/сака́л1 m, са́кала/сака́ла1 f, са́кало/сака́ло1 n, or са́кали/сака́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			са́кай sákaj			са́кайте sákajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Synonyms

• и́скам (ískam), во́ля (vólja)

Derived terms

• засакам pf (zasakam), засаквам impf (zasakvam)
• изсакам pf (izsakam), изсаквам impf (izsakvam)
• посакам pf (posakam), посаквам impf (posakvam)
• пресакам pf (presakam), пресаквам impf (presakvam, “to cease wanting”)

Related terms

• со́ча (sóča, “to point, to indicate”)

References

• “сакам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “сакам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 427

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsakam]

Verb

сакам • (sakam)

1. first-person singular present of сака (saka)

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsakəm]

Noun

са́кам • (sákam) m inan pl or m anim pl

1. dative plural of сак (sak)