ذبح

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ذ ب ح (ḏ-b-ḥ). Compare Hebrew זבח (“to slaughter”) and Ugaritic 𐎄𐎁𐎈 (dbḥ).

Verb

ذَبَحَ • (ḏabaḥa) I, non-past يَذْبَحُ‎ (yaḏbaḥu)

1. to kill by slitting the throat
2. to slaughter, to butcher

   Synonyms: جَزَرَ (jazara), نَحَرَ (naḥara)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:67:

     إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً

     ʔinna l-laha yaʔmurukum ʔan taḏbaḥū baqaratan

     Allah commands you to slaughter a cow

3. to massacre
4. to murder, to slay
5. to sacrifice, to offer up, to immolate

Conjugation

Conjugation of

ذَبَحَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun ذَبْح)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						ذَبْح ḏabḥ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						ذَابِح ḏābiḥ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَذْبُوح maḏbūḥ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ذَبَحْتُ ḏabaḥtu	ذَبَحْتَ ḏabaḥta	ذَبَحَ ḏabaḥa		ذَبَحْتُمَا ḏabaḥtumā	ذَبَحَا ḏabaḥā		ذَبَحْنَا ḏabaḥnā	ذَبَحْتُمْ ḏabaḥtum	ذَبَحُوا ḏabaḥū
	f		ذَبَحْتِ ḏabaḥti	ذَبَحَتْ ḏabaḥat			ذَبَحَتَا ḏabaḥatā			ذَبَحْتُنَّ ḏabaḥtunna	ذَبَحْنَ ḏabaḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَذْبَحُ ʔaḏbaḥu	تَذْبَحُ taḏbaḥu	يَذْبَحُ yaḏbaḥu		تَذْبَحَانِ taḏbaḥāni	يَذْبَحَانِ yaḏbaḥāni		نَذْبَحُ naḏbaḥu	تَذْبَحُونَ taḏbaḥūna	يَذْبَحُونَ yaḏbaḥūna
	f		تَذْبَحِينَ taḏbaḥīna	تَذْبَحُ taḏbaḥu			تَذْبَحَانِ taḏbaḥāni			تَذْبَحْنَ taḏbaḥna	يَذْبَحْنَ yaḏbaḥna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَذْبَحَ ʔaḏbaḥa	تَذْبَحَ taḏbaḥa	يَذْبَحَ yaḏbaḥa		تَذْبَحَا taḏbaḥā	يَذْبَحَا yaḏbaḥā		نَذْبَحَ naḏbaḥa	تَذْبَحُوا taḏbaḥū	يَذْبَحُوا yaḏbaḥū
	f		تَذْبَحِي taḏbaḥī	تَذْبَحَ taḏbaḥa			تَذْبَحَا taḏbaḥā			تَذْبَحْنَ taḏbaḥna	يَذْبَحْنَ yaḏbaḥna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَذْبَحْ ʔaḏbaḥ	تَذْبَحْ taḏbaḥ	يَذْبَحْ yaḏbaḥ		تَذْبَحَا taḏbaḥā	يَذْبَحَا yaḏbaḥā		نَذْبَحْ naḏbaḥ	تَذْبَحُوا taḏbaḥū	يَذْبَحُوا yaḏbaḥū
	f		تَذْبَحِي taḏbaḥī	تَذْبَحْ taḏbaḥ			تَذْبَحَا taḏbaḥā			تَذْبَحْنَ taḏbaḥna	يَذْبَحْنَ yaḏbaḥna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِذْبَحْ iḏbaḥ			اِذْبَحَا iḏbaḥā				اِذْبَحُوا iḏbaḥū
	f		اِذْبَحِي iḏbaḥī							اِذْبَحْنَ iḏbaḥna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ذُبِحْتُ ḏubiḥtu	ذُبِحْتَ ḏubiḥta	ذُبِحَ ḏubiḥa		ذُبِحْتُمَا ḏubiḥtumā	ذُبِحَا ḏubiḥā		ذُبِحْنَا ḏubiḥnā	ذُبِحْتُمْ ḏubiḥtum	ذُبِحُوا ḏubiḥū
	f		ذُبِحْتِ ḏubiḥti	ذُبِحَتْ ḏubiḥat			ذُبِحَتَا ḏubiḥatā			ذُبِحْتُنَّ ḏubiḥtunna	ذُبِحْنَ ḏubiḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُذْبَحُ ʔuḏbaḥu	تُذْبَحُ tuḏbaḥu	يُذْبَحُ yuḏbaḥu		تُذْبَحَانِ tuḏbaḥāni	يُذْبَحَانِ yuḏbaḥāni		نُذْبَحُ nuḏbaḥu	تُذْبَحُونَ tuḏbaḥūna	يُذْبَحُونَ yuḏbaḥūna
	f		تُذْبَحِينَ tuḏbaḥīna	تُذْبَحُ tuḏbaḥu			تُذْبَحَانِ tuḏbaḥāni			تُذْبَحْنَ tuḏbaḥna	يُذْبَحْنَ yuḏbaḥna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُذْبَحَ ʔuḏbaḥa	تُذْبَحَ tuḏbaḥa	يُذْبَحَ yuḏbaḥa		تُذْبَحَا tuḏbaḥā	يُذْبَحَا yuḏbaḥā		نُذْبَحَ nuḏbaḥa	تُذْبَحُوا tuḏbaḥū	يُذْبَحُوا yuḏbaḥū
	f		تُذْبَحِي tuḏbaḥī	تُذْبَحَ tuḏbaḥa			تُذْبَحَا tuḏbaḥā			تُذْبَحْنَ tuḏbaḥna	يُذْبَحْنَ yuḏbaḥna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُذْبَحْ ʔuḏbaḥ	تُذْبَحْ tuḏbaḥ	يُذْبَحْ yuḏbaḥ		تُذْبَحَا tuḏbaḥā	يُذْبَحَا yuḏbaḥā		نُذْبَحْ nuḏbaḥ	تُذْبَحُوا tuḏbaḥū	يُذْبَحُوا yuḏbaḥū
	f		تُذْبَحِي tuḏbaḥī	تُذْبَحْ tuḏbaḥ			تُذْبَحَا tuḏbaḥā			تُذْبَحْنَ tuḏbaḥna	يُذْبَحْنَ yuḏbaḥna

Descendants

• Maltese: debaħ

Verb

ذَبَّحَ • (ḏabbaḥa) II, non-past يُذَبِّحُ‎ (yuḏabbiḥu)

1. to kill, to slaughter, to butcher, to massacre, to murder
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:49:

     وَإِذْ نَجَّيْنَاكُم مِّنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ يُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَاءٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ

     waʔiḏ najjaynākum mmin ʔāli firʕawna yasūmūnakum sūʔa l-ʕaḏābi yuḏabbiḥūna ʔabnāʔakum wayastaḥyūna nisāʔakum wafī ḏālikum balāʔun mmin rrabbikum ʕaẓīmun

     (Remember) how We delivered you from the people of Pharaoh, who afflicted you with dreadful torment, slaughtering your sons and keeping your women. That was a severe test from your Lord.

   • 1949, Muṣṭafā as-Sibāʕiyy, “غزوة حنين”, in السيرة النبوية: دروس وعبر, 8th edition, Beirut/Damascus: Al-Maktab al-ʕAṣriyy, published 1985, page 143:

     فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الصَّلِيبِيُّونَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ ذَبَّحُوا كُلَّ مَنِ ٱلْتَجَأَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْأَقْصَى تَذْبِيحًا عَامًّا، وَقَدْ بَلَغَ مَنْ ذَبَّحُوا فِيهِ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفًا مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ، وَٱلزُّهَّادِ، وَٱلنِّسَاءِ، وَٱلْأَطْفَالِ.

     falammā daḵala ṣ-ṣalībiyyūna bayta l-maqdisi ḏabbaḥū kulla mani ltajaʔa ʔilā l-masjidi l-ʔaqṣā taḏbīḥan ʕāmman, waqad balaḡa man ḏabbaḥū fīhi sabʕīna ʔalfan mina l-ʕulamāʔi, waz-zuhhādi, wan-nisāʔi, wal-ʔaṭfāli.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

ذَبَّحَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَذْبِيح taḏbīḥ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُذَبِّح muḏabbiḥ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُذَبَّح muḏabbaḥ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ذَبَّحْتُ ḏabbaḥtu	ذَبَّحْتَ ḏabbaḥta	ذَبَّحَ ḏabbaḥa		ذَبَّحْتُمَا ḏabbaḥtumā	ذَبَّحَا ḏabbaḥā		ذَبَّحْنَا ḏabbaḥnā	ذَبَّحْتُمْ ḏabbaḥtum	ذَبَّحُوا ḏabbaḥū
	f		ذَبَّحْتِ ḏabbaḥti	ذَبَّحَتْ ḏabbaḥat			ذَبَّحَتَا ḏabbaḥatā			ذَبَّحْتُنَّ ḏabbaḥtunna	ذَبَّحْنَ ḏabbaḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُذَبِّحُ ʔuḏabbiḥu	تُذَبِّحُ tuḏabbiḥu	يُذَبِّحُ yuḏabbiḥu		تُذَبِّحَانِ tuḏabbiḥāni	يُذَبِّحَانِ yuḏabbiḥāni		نُذَبِّحُ nuḏabbiḥu	تُذَبِّحُونَ tuḏabbiḥūna	يُذَبِّحُونَ yuḏabbiḥūna
	f		تُذَبِّحِينَ tuḏabbiḥīna	تُذَبِّحُ tuḏabbiḥu			تُذَبِّحَانِ tuḏabbiḥāni			تُذَبِّحْنَ tuḏabbiḥna	يُذَبِّحْنَ yuḏabbiḥna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُذَبِّحَ ʔuḏabbiḥa	تُذَبِّحَ tuḏabbiḥa	يُذَبِّحَ yuḏabbiḥa		تُذَبِّحَا tuḏabbiḥā	يُذَبِّحَا yuḏabbiḥā		نُذَبِّحَ nuḏabbiḥa	تُذَبِّحُوا tuḏabbiḥū	يُذَبِّحُوا yuḏabbiḥū
	f		تُذَبِّحِي tuḏabbiḥī	تُذَبِّحَ tuḏabbiḥa			تُذَبِّحَا tuḏabbiḥā			تُذَبِّحْنَ tuḏabbiḥna	يُذَبِّحْنَ yuḏabbiḥna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُذَبِّحْ ʔuḏabbiḥ	تُذَبِّحْ tuḏabbiḥ	يُذَبِّحْ yuḏabbiḥ		تُذَبِّحَا tuḏabbiḥā	يُذَبِّحَا yuḏabbiḥā		نُذَبِّحْ nuḏabbiḥ	تُذَبِّحُوا tuḏabbiḥū	يُذَبِّحُوا yuḏabbiḥū
	f		تُذَبِّحِي tuḏabbiḥī	تُذَبِّحْ tuḏabbiḥ			تُذَبِّحَا tuḏabbiḥā			تُذَبِّحْنَ tuḏabbiḥna	يُذَبِّحْنَ yuḏabbiḥna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ذَبِّحْ ḏabbiḥ			ذَبِّحَا ḏabbiḥā				ذَبِّحُوا ḏabbiḥū
	f		ذَبِّحِي ḏabbiḥī							ذَبِّحْنَ ḏabbiḥna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ذُبِّحْتُ ḏubbiḥtu	ذُبِّحْتَ ḏubbiḥta	ذُبِّحَ ḏubbiḥa		ذُبِّحْتُمَا ḏubbiḥtumā	ذُبِّحَا ḏubbiḥā		ذُبِّحْنَا ḏubbiḥnā	ذُبِّحْتُمْ ḏubbiḥtum	ذُبِّحُوا ḏubbiḥū
	f		ذُبِّحْتِ ḏubbiḥti	ذُبِّحَتْ ḏubbiḥat			ذُبِّحَتَا ḏubbiḥatā			ذُبِّحْتُنَّ ḏubbiḥtunna	ذُبِّحْنَ ḏubbiḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُذَبَّحُ ʔuḏabbaḥu	تُذَبَّحُ tuḏabbaḥu	يُذَبَّحُ yuḏabbaḥu		تُذَبَّحَانِ tuḏabbaḥāni	يُذَبَّحَانِ yuḏabbaḥāni		نُذَبَّحُ nuḏabbaḥu	تُذَبَّحُونَ tuḏabbaḥūna	يُذَبَّحُونَ yuḏabbaḥūna
	f		تُذَبَّحِينَ tuḏabbaḥīna	تُذَبَّحُ tuḏabbaḥu			تُذَبَّحَانِ tuḏabbaḥāni			تُذَبَّحْنَ tuḏabbaḥna	يُذَبَّحْنَ yuḏabbaḥna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُذَبَّحَ ʔuḏabbaḥa	تُذَبَّحَ tuḏabbaḥa	يُذَبَّحَ yuḏabbaḥa		تُذَبَّحَا tuḏabbaḥā	يُذَبَّحَا yuḏabbaḥā		نُذَبَّحَ nuḏabbaḥa	تُذَبَّحُوا tuḏabbaḥū	يُذَبَّحُوا yuḏabbaḥū
	f		تُذَبَّحِي tuḏabbaḥī	تُذَبَّحَ tuḏabbaḥa			تُذَبَّحَا tuḏabbaḥā			تُذَبَّحْنَ tuḏabbaḥna	يُذَبَّحْنَ yuḏabbaḥna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُذَبَّحْ ʔuḏabbaḥ	تُذَبَّحْ tuḏabbaḥ	يُذَبَّحْ yuḏabbaḥ		تُذَبَّحَا tuḏabbaḥā	يُذَبَّحَا yuḏabbaḥā		نُذَبَّحْ nuḏabbaḥ	تُذَبَّحُوا tuḏabbaḥū	يُذَبَّحُوا yuḏabbaḥū
	f		تُذَبَّحِي tuḏabbaḥī	تُذَبَّحْ tuḏabbaḥ			تُذَبَّحَا tuḏabbaḥā			تُذَبَّحْنَ tuḏabbaḥna	يُذَبَّحْنَ yuḏabbaḥna

Noun

ذَبْح • (ḏabḥ) m

1. verbal noun of ذَبَحَ (ḏabaḥa) (form I)
2. slaughter, slaughtering

Declension

Declension of noun ذَبْح (ḏabḥ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذَبْح ḏabḥ	الذَّبْح aḏ-ḏabḥ	ذَبْح ḏabḥ
Nominative	ذَبْحٌ ḏabḥun	الذَّبْحُ aḏ-ḏabḥu	ذَبْحُ ḏabḥu
Accusative	ذَبْحًا ḏabḥan	الذَّبْحَ aḏ-ḏabḥa	ذَبْحَ ḏabḥa
Genitive	ذَبْحٍ ḏabḥin	الذَّبْحِ aḏ-ḏabḥi	ذَبْحِ ḏabḥi

Noun

ذِبْح • (ḏibḥ) m

1. sacrificial victim, blood sacrifice

Declension

Declension of noun ذِبْح (ḏibḥ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذِبْح ḏibḥ	الذِّبْح aḏ-ḏibḥ	ذِبْح ḏibḥ
Nominative	ذِبْحٌ ḏibḥun	الذِّبْحُ aḏ-ḏibḥu	ذِبْحُ ḏibḥu
Accusative	ذِبْحًا ḏibḥan	الذِّبْحَ aḏ-ḏibḥa	ذِبْحَ ḏibḥa
Genitive	ذِبْحٍ ḏibḥin	الذِّبْحِ aḏ-ḏibḥi	ذِبْحِ ḏibḥi

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ذ ب ح
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic ذَبَحَ (ḏabaḥa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /da.baħ/, /ða.baħ/

Verb

ذبح • (dabaḥ) I (non-past يِذْبَح (yidbaḥ))

1. to kill by slitting the throat
2. to slaughter, to butcher
3. to murder, to slay

Conjugation

Conjugation of ذبح (dabaḥ)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ذبحت (dabaḥt)	ذبحت (dabaḥt)	ذبح (dabaḥ)		ذبحنا (dabaḥna)	ذبحتوا (dabaḥtu)	ذبحوا (dabaḥu)
	f		ذبحتي (dabaḥti)	ذبحت (dabaḥat)
non-past	m	أذبح (ʔadbaḥ)	تذبح (tidbaḥ)	يذبح (yidbaḥ)		نذبح (nidbaḥ)	تذبحوا (tidbaḥu)	يذبحوا (yidbaḥu)
	f		تذبحي (tidbaḥi)	تذبح (tidbaḥ)
imperative	m		اذبح (adbaḥ)				اذبحوا (adbaḥu)
	f		اذبحي (adbaḥi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic ذَبَّحَ (ḏabbaḥa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dab.baħ/, /ðab.baħ/

Verb

ذبح • (dabbaḥ) II (non-past يِذَبِّح (yidabbiḥ))

1. to kill, to massacre

   Synonym: قَتَّل (gattal)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ذبح (dabbaḥ)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ذبحت (dabbaḥt)	ذبحت (dabbaḥt)	ذبح (dabbaḥ)		ذبحنا (dabbaḥna)	ذبحتوا (dabbaḥtu)	ذبحوا (dabbaḥu)
	f		ذبحتي (dabbaḥti)	ذبحت (dabbaḥat)
non-past	m	أذبح (ʔadabbiḥ)	تذبح (tidabbiḥ)	يذبح (yidabbiḥ)		نذبح (nidabbiḥ)	تذبحوا (tidabbiḥu)	يذبحوا (yidabbiḥu)
	f		تذبحي (tidabbiḥi)	تذبح (tidabbiḥ)
imperative	m		ذبح (dabbiḥ)				ذبحوا (dabbiḥu)
	f		ذبحي (dabbiḥi)

Etymology 3

From Arabic ذَبْح (ḏabḥ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dabħ/, /ðabħ/

Noun

ذبح • (dabḥ) m

1. slaughter, slaughtering

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic ذَبْح (ḏabḥ). Formally perhaps influenced by the related ذِبْح (ḏibḥ), though alteration of short vowels in Arabic loanwords is a common phenomenon.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ðiβh], [ziβh]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zɪbʰ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zɪbʰ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zɪb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zib̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zebʰ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zibʰ]

Readings
Classical reading?	ḏiḇh, ziḇh
Dari reading?	zibh
Iranian reading?	zebh
Tajik reading?	zibh

Noun

ذبح • (zebh)

1. slaughter, slaughtering

   Synonym: (more general) کشتن (koštan)

Derived terms

• ذبح کردن (zebh kardan)
• ذبح شدن (zebh šodan)

Related terms

• ذبیح (zabih)