صاحب

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See also: صاحت

Arabic[edit]

Root
ص ح ب (ṣ-ḥ-b)

Etymology[edit]

Active participle of صَحِبَ (ṣaḥiba, “to accompany”), from the root ص ح ب (ṣ-ḥ-b).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

صَاحِب • (ṣāḥib) m (plural أَصْحَاب (ʔaṣḥāb) or صُحْبَان (ṣuḥbān) or صِحَاب (ṣiḥāb) or صَحْب (ṣaḥb), feminine صَاحِبَة (ṣāḥiba))

  1. associate, companion, comrade, friend
    صَاحِبِي فِي الْعَمَلِ مُسَاعِدٌ جَيِّدٌ وَنَتَعَاوَنُ مَعًا بِشَكْلٍ مُمْتَازٍ.
    ṣāḥibī fī l-ʕamali musāʕidun jayyidun wanataʕāwanu maʕan bišaklin mumtāzin.
    My colleague at work is a helpful and cooperative person, and we work together in a harmonious manner.
  2. adherent, follower
  3. (with a following genitive) man, owner, possessor, holder, master, lord, commander, representative, author
    Synonym: ذُو (ḏū)
    Hyponym: مَالِك (mālik)
  4. inhabitant, dweller
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 9:70:
      أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَصْحَابِ مَدْيَنَ وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ ۚ أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ۖ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِن كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
      ʔalam yaʔtihim nabaʔu allaḏīna min qablihim qawmi nūḥin waʕādin waṯamūda waqawmi ʔibrāhīma waʔaṣḥābi madyana wālmuʔtafikāti ʔatathum rusuluhum bi-l-bayyināti famā kāna l-lahu liyaẓlimahum walākin kānū ʔanfusahum yaẓlimūna
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  5. warden
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 74:31:
      وَمَا جَعَلْنَا أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَائِكَةً […]
      wamā jaʕalnā ʔaṣḥāba an-nāri ʔillā malāʔikatan […]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun صَاحِب (ṣāḥib)
Singular Masculine Feminine
basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal صَاحِب
ṣāḥib 		الصَّاحِب
aṣ-ṣāḥib 		صَاحِب
ṣāḥib 		صَاحِبَة
ṣāḥiba 		الصَّاحِبَة
aṣ-ṣāḥiba 		صَاحِبَة
ṣāḥibat
Nominative صَاحِبٌ
ṣāḥibun 		الصَّاحِبُ
aṣ-ṣāḥibu 		صَاحِبُ
ṣāḥibu 		صَاحِبَةٌ
ṣāḥibatun 		الصَّاحِبَةُ
aṣ-ṣāḥibatu 		صَاحِبَةُ
ṣāḥibatu
Accusative صَاحِبًا
ṣāḥiban 		الصَّاحِبَ
aṣ-ṣāḥiba 		صَاحِبَ
ṣāḥiba 		صَاحِبَةً
ṣāḥibatan 		الصَّاحِبَةَ
aṣ-ṣāḥibata 		صَاحِبَةَ
ṣāḥibata
Genitive صَاحِبٍ
ṣāḥibin 		الصَّاحِبِ
aṣ-ṣāḥibi 		صَاحِبِ
ṣāḥibi 		صَاحِبَةٍ
ṣāḥibatin 		الصَّاحِبَةِ
aṣ-ṣāḥibati 		صَاحِبَةِ
ṣāḥibati
Dual Masculine Feminine
Indefinite Definite Construct Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal صَاحِبَيْن
ṣāḥibayn 		الصَّاحِبَيْن
aṣ-ṣāḥibayn 		صَاحِبَيْ
ṣāḥibay 		صَاحِبَتَيْن
ṣāḥibatayn 		الصَّاحِبَتَيْن
aṣ-ṣāḥibatayn 		صَاحِبَتَيْ
ṣāḥibatay
Nominative صَاحِبَانِ
ṣāḥibāni 		الصَّاحِبَانِ
aṣ-ṣāḥibāni 		صَاحِبَا
ṣāḥibā 		صَاحِبَتَانِ
ṣāḥibatāni 		الصَّاحِبَتَانِ
aṣ-ṣāḥibatāni 		صَاحِبَتَا
ṣāḥibatā
Accusative صَاحِبَيْنِ
ṣāḥibayni 		الصَّاحِبَيْنِ
aṣ-ṣāḥibayni 		صَاحِبَيْ
ṣāḥibay 		صَاحِبَتَيْنِ
ṣāḥibatayni 		الصَّاحِبَتَيْنِ
aṣ-ṣāḥibatayni 		صَاحِبَتَيْ
ṣāḥibatay
Genitive صَاحِبَيْنِ
ṣāḥibayni 		الصَّاحِبَيْنِ
aṣ-ṣāḥibayni 		صَاحِبَيْ
ṣāḥibay 		صَاحِبَتَيْنِ
ṣāḥibatayni 		الصَّاحِبَتَيْنِ
aṣ-ṣāḥibatayni 		صَاحِبَتَيْ
ṣāḥibatay
Plural Masculine Feminine
basic broken plural triptote sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote
Indefinite Definite Construct Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَصْحَاب‎; صُحْبَان‎; صِحَاب‎; صَحْب
ʔaṣḥāb‎; ṣuḥbān‎; ṣiḥāb‎; ṣaḥb 		الْأَصْحَاب‎; الصُّحْبَان‎; الصِّحَاب‎; الصَّحْب
al-ʔaṣḥāb‎; aṣ-ṣuḥbān‎; aṣ-ṣiḥāb‎; aṣ-ṣaḥb 		أَصْحَاب‎; صُحْبَان‎; صِحَاب‎; صَحْب
ʔaṣḥāb‎; ṣuḥbān‎; ṣiḥāb‎; ṣaḥb 		صَاحِبَات‎; صَوَاحِب
ṣāḥibāt‎; ṣawāḥib 		الصَّاحِبَات‎; الصَّوَاحِب
aṣ-ṣāḥibāt‎; aṣ-ṣawāḥib 		صَاحِبَات‎; صَوَاحِب
ṣāḥibāt‎; ṣawāḥib
Nominative أَصْحَابٌ‎; صُحْبَانٌ‎; صِحَابٌ‎; صَحْبٌ
ʔaṣḥābun‎; ṣuḥbānun‎; ṣiḥābun‎; ṣaḥbun 		الْأَصْحَابُ‎; الصُّحْبَانُ‎; الصِّحَابُ‎; الصَّحْبُ
al-ʔaṣḥābu‎; aṣ-ṣuḥbānu‎; aṣ-ṣiḥābu‎; aṣ-ṣaḥbu 		أَصْحَابُ‎; صُحْبَانُ‎; صِحَابُ‎; صَحْبُ
ʔaṣḥābu‎; ṣuḥbānu‎; ṣiḥābu‎; ṣaḥbu 		صَاحِبَاتٌ‎; صَوَاحِبُ
ṣāḥibātun‎; ṣawāḥibu 		الصَّاحِبَاتُ‎; الصَّوَاحِبُ
aṣ-ṣāḥibātu‎; aṣ-ṣawāḥibu 		صَاحِبَاتُ‎; صَوَاحِبُ
ṣāḥibātu‎; ṣawāḥibu
Accusative أَصْحَابًا‎; صُحْبَانًا‎; صِحَابًا‎; صَحْبًا
ʔaṣḥāban‎; ṣuḥbānan‎; ṣiḥāban‎; ṣaḥban 		الْأَصْحَابَ‎; الصُّحْبَانَ‎; الصِّحَابَ‎; الصَّحْبَ
al-ʔaṣḥāba‎; aṣ-ṣuḥbāna‎; aṣ-ṣiḥāba‎; aṣ-ṣaḥba 		أَصْحَابَ‎; صُحْبَانَ‎; صِحَابَ‎; صَحْبَ
ʔaṣḥāba‎; ṣuḥbāna‎; ṣiḥāba‎; ṣaḥba 		صَاحِبَاتٍ‎; صَوَاحِبَ
ṣāḥibātin‎; ṣawāḥiba 		الصَّاحِبَاتِ‎; الصَّوَاحِبَ
aṣ-ṣāḥibāti‎; aṣ-ṣawāḥiba 		صَاحِبَاتِ‎; صَوَاحِبَ
ṣāḥibāti‎; ṣawāḥiba
Genitive أَصْحَابٍ‎; صُحْبَانٍ‎; صِحَابٍ‎; صَحْبٍ
ʔaṣḥābin‎; ṣuḥbānin‎; ṣiḥābin‎; ṣaḥbin 		الْأَصْحَابِ‎; الصُّحْبَانِ‎; الصِّحَابِ‎; الصَّحْبِ
al-ʔaṣḥābi‎; aṣ-ṣuḥbāni‎; aṣ-ṣiḥābi‎; aṣ-ṣaḥbi 		أَصْحَابِ‎; صُحْبَانِ‎; صِحَابِ‎; صَحْبِ
ʔaṣḥābi‎; ṣuḥbāni‎; ṣiḥābi‎; ṣaḥbi 		صَاحِبَاتٍ‎; صَوَاحِبَ
ṣāḥibātin‎; ṣawāḥiba 		الصَّاحِبَاتِ‎; الصَّوَاحِبِ
aṣ-ṣāḥibāti‎; aṣ-ṣawāḥibi 		صَاحِبَاتِ‎; صَوَاحِبِ
ṣāḥibāti‎; ṣawāḥibi

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

See also[edit]

Verb[edit]

صَاحَبَ • (ṣāḥaba) III, non-past يُصَاحِبُ‎ (yuṣāḥibu)

  1. To accompany, to go with

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
صَاحَبَ
(form-III sound)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
muṣāḥaba or ṣiḥāb
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
muṣāḥib
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
muṣāḥab
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣāḥabtu
ṣāḥabta
صَاحَبَ

ṣāḥaba
ṣāḥabtumā
ṣāḥabā
ṣāḥabnā
ṣāḥabtum
ṣāḥabū
f
ṣāḥabti
ṣāḥabat
ṣāḥabatā
ṣāḥabtunna
ṣāḥabna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuṣāḥibu
tuṣāḥibu
yuṣāḥibu
tuṣāḥibāni
yuṣāḥibāni
nuṣāḥibu
tuṣāḥibūna
yuṣāḥibūna
f
tuṣāḥibīna
tuṣāḥibu
tuṣāḥibāni
tuṣāḥibna
yuṣāḥibna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuṣāḥiba
tuṣāḥiba
yuṣāḥiba
tuṣāḥibā
yuṣāḥibā
nuṣāḥiba
tuṣāḥibū
yuṣāḥibū
f
tuṣāḥibī
tuṣāḥiba
tuṣāḥibā
tuṣāḥibna
yuṣāḥibna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuṣāḥib
tuṣāḥib
yuṣāḥib
tuṣāḥibā
yuṣāḥibā
nuṣāḥib
tuṣāḥibū
yuṣāḥibū
f
tuṣāḥibī
tuṣāḥib
tuṣāḥibā
tuṣāḥibna
yuṣāḥibna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
صَاحِبْ

ṣāḥib
ṣāḥibā
ṣāḥibū
f
ṣāḥibī
ṣāḥibna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣūḥibtu
ṣūḥibta
ṣūḥiba
ṣūḥibtumā
ṣūḥibā
ṣūḥibnā
ṣūḥibtum
ṣūḥibū
f
ṣūḥibti
ṣūḥibat
ṣūḥibatā
ṣūḥibtunna
ṣūḥibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuṣāḥabu
tuṣāḥabu
yuṣāḥabu
tuṣāḥabāni
yuṣāḥabāni
nuṣāḥabu
tuṣāḥabūna
yuṣāḥabūna
f
tuṣāḥabīna
tuṣāḥabu
tuṣāḥabāni
tuṣāḥabna
yuṣāḥabna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuṣāḥaba
tuṣāḥaba
yuṣāḥaba
tuṣāḥabā
yuṣāḥabā
nuṣāḥaba
tuṣāḥabū
yuṣāḥabū
f
tuṣāḥabī
tuṣāḥaba
tuṣāḥabā
tuṣāḥabna
yuṣāḥabna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuṣāḥab
tuṣāḥab
yuṣāḥab
tuṣāḥabā
yuṣāḥabā
nuṣāḥab
tuṣāḥabū
yuṣāḥabū
f
tuṣāḥabī
tuṣāḥab
tuṣāḥabā
tuṣāḥabna
yuṣāḥabna

References[edit]

  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “صحب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Hijazi Arabic[edit]

Root
ص ح ب
2 terms

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /sˤaː.ħib/, [sˤaː.ħɪb]

Noun[edit]

صاحِب • (ṣāḥib) m (plural أصْحاب (ʔaṣḥāb), feminine صاحْبة (ṣāḥba))

  1. friend, companion
    أنا مَع صَاحْبي
    ʔana maʕ ṣāḥbi
    I'm with my friend
  2. (with a following genitive) owner, possessor, representative

Moroccan Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /sˤaːħɪb/
  • Audio(file)

Noun[edit]

صاحب • (ṣāḥeb) m (plural صحاب (ṣḥāb), feminine صاحبة (ṣāḥba), diminutive صحيب (ṣḥiyyab))

  1. friend
    Synonym: عشير (ʕšīr)

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

Noun[edit]

صاحب • (sahib)

  1. owner

Descendants[edit]

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? sāhiḇ, sāhaḇ
Dari reading? sāhib, sāhab
Iranian reading? sâheb, sâhab
Tajik reading? sohib, sohab

Noun[edit]

Dari صاحب
Iranian Persian
Tajik соҳиб

صاحِب • (sâheb) (plural صاحبان (sâhebân) or صاحب‌ها (sâheb-hâ))

  1. owner; master
    Synonym: مالک (mâlek)
    صاحب ماشین ― sâheb-e mâšin ― owner of the car
  2. author
    Synonym: نویسنده (nevisande)
  3. (Dari, India, very formal, otherwise dated) sir; mister; gentleman
    Synonyms: آقا (âqâ), جناب (janâb) (Dari)
  4. Used, usually without the ezâfe, to form compound nouns meaning "those who possess [trait]" or "those who are distinguished by [trait]".
    ‎صاحب (sâheb) + ‎دل (del, “heart”) → ‎صاحبدل (sâhebdel, “pure-hearted person; empathetic person”)
    ‎صاحب (sâheb) + ‎سخن (soxan, “speech”) → ‎صاحب سخن (sâheb soxan, “speaker”)

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Punjabi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

صاحب • (sāhab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਹਿਬ)

  1. master
  2. owner
  3. lord
    Synonym: مالک (mālak)

Proper noun[edit]

صاحب • (sāhab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਹਿਬ)

  1. (Sikhism) God
    • Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Nanak, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 469:
      توں سچا صاحب صفت سوالیؤ جن کیتی سو پار پئیا
      tū̃ sachā sāhib sift suāliu jin kītī so pār peā
      You are the True Lord and Master; Your Praise is so beautiful. One who sings it, is carried across.
    Synonyms: ربّ (rab), واہےگُرو (wāhegurū)

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ص ح ب
1 term

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic صَاحَبَ (ṣāḥaba).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /sˤaː.ħab/, [ˈsˤɑː.ħɑb]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb[edit]

صاحب • (ṣāḥab) III (present بصاحب (biṣāḥeb))

  1. to befriend
    ما بحبّ تصاحب أولاد يستخدمو ألفاظ سيئة.
    mā baḥebb tṣāḥeb ʔawlād yistaḵdimu ʔalfāẓ sayʔa
    I don't like that you befriend kids who use cusswords.
  2. (by extension) to become someone's boyfriend or girlfriend
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of صاحب (ṣāḥab)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m صاحبت (ṣāḥabt) صاحبت (ṣāḥabt) صاحب (ṣāḥab) صاحبنا (ṣāḥabna) صاحبتو (ṣāḥabtu) صاحبو (ṣāḥabu)
f صاحبتي (ṣāḥabti) صاحبت (ṣāḥabat)
present m بصاحب (baṣāḥeb) بتصاحب (bitṣāḥeb) بصاحب (biṣāḥeb) منصاحب (minṣāḥeb) بتصاحبو (bitṣāḥbu) بصاحبو (biṣāḥbu)
f بتصاحبي (bitṣāḥbi) بتصاحب (bitṣāḥeb)
subjunctive m اصاحب (aṣāḥeb) تصاحب (tṣāḥeb) يصاحب (yṣāḥeb) نصاحب (nṣāḥeb) تصاحبو (tṣāḥbu) يصاحبو (yṣāḥbu)
f تصاحبي (tṣāḥbi) تصاحب (tṣāḥeb)
imperative m صاحب (ṣāḥeb) صاحبو (ṣāḥbu)
f صاحبي (ṣāḥbi)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /sˤaː.ħeb/, [ˈsˤɑː.ħɪb]
  • Audio (Jerusalem)(file)

Noun[edit]

صاحب • (ṣāḥeb) m (plural أصحاب (ʔaṣḥāb) or صحاب (ṣḥāb), feminine صاحبة (ṣāḥbe))

  1. friend, companion
    Synonym: صديق (ṣadīq)
  2. (by extension) boyfriend
  3. owner, possessor
    صاحب البيت ― ṣāḥeb il-bēt ― the landlord (literally, “the owner of the house”)
    Audio (Ramallah)(file)

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian صاحب (ṣāḥib), from Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

صاحِب • (sāhib) m (feminine صاحبہ, Hindi spelling साहिब)

  1. sir
  2. mister
  3. lord

Further reading[edit]

  • “صاحب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “صاحب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “صاحب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
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